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　　【学英语】你的这些表现早就把自己出卖了

　　01.我们常常说，性格决定命运。

　　原文

　　One reason that personality is such an important psychological concept is because of what it tells us about the kind of lives we’re likely to lead. For example, if you are very conscientious then you’re more likely to enjoy good physical health and more harmonious relationships; extroverts are happier; highly neurotic people experience more mental health problems; open-minded people command higher earnings; and, just as you’d expect, more ‘agreeable’ people are also usually popular and have lots of friends.

　　个性是很重要的一个心理学概念，其中一个原因是它能告诉我们可能会过着什么样的生活。比如说，如果你认真谨慎，你就更可能拥有健康的体魄和更和谐的人际关系;外向型人格的人更快乐;高度神经紧张的人更容易遭受精神健康的问题;思维活络的人会有更高的收入;正如你预料的那样，更和蔼可亲的人常常也受别人欢迎，有朋友。

　　conscientious　　adj. 认真的;尽责的;本着良心的;小心谨慎的

　　extrovert　　n. 外向型人格的人

　　neurotic　　adj. 神经过敏的

　　agreeable　　adj. 和蔼可亲的，舒适的

　　02.但是我们的个性是如何体现出来的呢?

　　原文

　　But our personalities don’t only show themselves in our long-term success and well-being. They also correlate with the kind of things we get up to on a mundane, daily basis.

　　但我们的个性不仅体现在长期的成就或是健康状态上，也与我们在日常生活中的点滴行为有关联。

　　correlate with...　　与......有关系

　　mundane　　世俗的;普通的

　　03

　　一项发表在Personality and Individual Differences的研究发现，我们的日常行为特征和上述五大个性(conscientious, extrovert, neurotic, open-minded, agreeable)之间存在着有趣的关系。

　　我们先来看一下外向型人格和谨慎型人格这两种互补型性格的有哪些行为习惯。

　　原文

　　While it goes without saying, for instance, that extroverts are more likely to go to parties and that conscientious people are less likely to be tardy, you might not have anticipated that extroverts also spend more time luxuriating in hot tubs or that conscientiousness goes hand in hand with reading fewer books. As well as wallowing more in hot tubs, extroverts apparently spent more time planning parties, drinking in bars, discussing ways to make money, talking on the phone while driving, decorating, and trying to get a tan (though not all at once). Greater conscientiousness, in contrast, was distinguished by the avoidance of various activities, including such innocuous pastimes as reading, swearing and chewing on a pencil.

　　不用说，性格外向的人更可能去参加派对，性格谨慎的人不太可能做事拖延。但你可能没想到的是，外向的人会花时间沉溺于泡热水澡，谨慎的人则往往不太阅读。除了在热水浴里泡的时间，外向的人显然也会花时间策划派对，在酒吧喝酒，讨论挣钱的方法，边开车边打电话，装修，试图晒黑(虽然不是同时做所有这些事情)。相反，更谨慎的人的特征是避免参加各种活动，包括那些无伤大雅的消遣，比如阅读，发誓和咬笔头。

　　tardy　　adj. 拖延的

　　anticipate　　v. 预期，预料

　　luxuriate in　　沉溺于

　　sth. goes hand in hand with sth. …　　与…密切相关

　　innocuous　　adj. 无伤大雅的，无害的

　　pastime　　n. 消遣，娱乐

　　04.我们再来看一下那些看起来和蔼可亲的人会有哪些有趣的习惯。

　　原文

　　People scoring high on agreeability, meanwhile, said they spent more time doing ironing, playing with children and washing the dishes – presumably because their strong motivation to keep other people happy means they’d rather do the chores than have domestic acrimony. More surprisingly, they were also more likely to sing in the shower or the car.

　　同时，那些更容易相处人说，他们会花的时间熨烫衣物，与孩童玩耍和洗碗——大概是因为他们有很强的愿望让其他人快乐，所以比起争吵，他们宁愿做家务。更让人惊讶的是，他们更可能在洗澡或是开车的时候唱歌。

　　presumably　　adv. 大概;推测起来;可假定

　　acrimony　　n. 辛辣;尖刻;严厉

　　05.而那些神经紧张的人又有哪些小习惯呢?

　　原文

　　Neurotic folk, meanwhile, engaged more often in activities that are associated with helping reduce mental distress, such as taking more tranquilisers and anti-depressants. But they also admitted to more anti-social behaviours, such as losing their temper more often, or making fun of others – perhaps because they struggle to keep their own emotions in check.

　　神经紧张的人会更频繁地参与那些有益于缓解精神压力的行为，比如摄入的镇静剂和抗抑郁的药物。但他们也承认自己会有的反社会行为，比如更常发脾气，或是取笑他人——也许因为他们想努力控制自己的情绪。

　　associate　　与......相联系

　　anti-social　　反社会的

　　keep...in check　　控制住......

　　06.最后我们来看一下思维活络的人的习惯。

　　原文

　　Finally, open-mindedness went together with some obvious behaviours like reading poetry, going to the opera, smoking marijuana and producing art, but also some less obvious, like swearing around others, eating spicy food at breakfast, or lounging around the house with no clothes on. They were also less likely to follow a sports team.

　　最后，思维活络的人有许多明显的行为习惯，比如读诗，看戏剧，抽大麻或是创造艺术，但也有一些不怎么明显的行为，比如对周围的人发誓，早餐吃辛辣的食物，或是在家裸奔。他们也不太可能追随一个运动团队。

　　lounge around　　闲逛

　　07

　　还有一些习惯行为和心理学上说的“暗黑三性格”(Dark Triad)有关：即自恋者/以自我为中心(Narcissism)，权谋者/善于撒谎喜将人玩弄于股掌(Machiavellianism)和精神变态者/热爱冒险刺激且心狠手辣(Psychopathy)有关。

　　原文

　　Psychopathy aren’t just more prone to violence, bullying and aggression, they also maintain unusually long eye contact, and along with Machiavellians, are more likely to participate in and enjoy online trolling.

　　Another recent study found that the more highly that people scored across the Dark Triad, the more likely they were to say that they that were a “night owl”- that is, they rise later in the day and stay up later in the evening.

　　精神变态者不仅更有暴力，欺凌和攻击性的倾向，他们也会异常长时间地看别人，而且和权谋者一样，他们更可能参与并享受网络暴力。

　　另外一项研究表明，在暗黑三性格调查中得分越高的人越有可能表明自己是“夜猫子——即熬夜晚起的人。

　　be prone to...　　有......的倾向

　　bully　　欺凌

　　08

　　了解了不同性格的人拥有的不同的习惯行为，我们可能会思考：研究个性和行为习惯之间奇妙的关联，其意义是什么呢?

　　原文

　　There’s a serious side to this field of research – learning more about the harmful and unhealthy everyday behaviours linked to the different personality traits could contribute to better, more targeted health campaigns and interventions. Also, research into personality often involves people answering questionnaires about themselves, hopefully in an honest way. By discovering some quirky and less expected behavioural correlates of the Big Five traits, there’s the possibility of one day devising a questionnaire that asks people about the activities they engage in, without them realising they are actually revealing their personality.

　　这个领域的研究有严肃的一面：地了解那些和个性特质有关的有害的/不健康的日常行为，有利于的/目标性更强的健康运动和治疗干预。此外，性格研究通常会让人们相当诚实地回答那些关于自己的问题。通过发现一些古怪而难以预见的与“五大个性”关联的行为，有一天我们可能会设计出一份问卷，询问调查对象从事的活动，而他们意识不到这些活动事实上揭露了他们的个性。

　　作者:唐伟胜

　　新航道特约雅思学术顾问,广东外语外贸大学、博士,中国英语教育