2018年9月8日雅思大作文题目“We have developed a “throw-away” society and are filling the environment with many plastic bags and rubbish that we cannot fully dispose of. What measures should be taken to combat the problem?

　　Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.”

　　解析&审题

　　本周考的是一个环境类的老题目。我们现在的社会是一个浪费型的社会(a throw-away society)，随处可见被扔弃不用的东西。

　　本题要求分析这个现象产生的原因及解决办法。就原因而言，大家可能想到的生活水平了，物质太丰富了，这是唐老师经常谈到的物质层面上的原因。如果我们再往下想一想，可能就想到，我们乱扔东西，可能还有一个心理层面上的原因：出于方便(out of convenience)。除此之外，当然还有一个社会层面的原因，即消费社会鼓励大家扔弃旧东西，换新时尚。在这类分析原因类的考题中，大家都可以按照这三个层面去思考，就容易写得更有逻辑一些。

　　就解决办法而言，无非也就两条：一是层面，制定法规，让大家对垃圾进行分类回收，二是个人层面，大家垃圾回收的意识。

　　我们在构思任何一篇雅思作文的时候，都应该写出层次，这是雅思作文批判思维的基本要求。各位烤鸭应该在这方面积累经验。

　　老师笔记

　　01

　　Ours is a “throw-away” society strongly influenced by consumerism as we value convenience over environmental protection. We throw away out of convenience, and societal conventions have us move on to the nextfad or technology. For example, we are dumping large quantities of thrash, such as plastic bags and diapers, that we cannot fully dispose of.Likewise, we are discarding televisions, cell phones, computers and other used items in exchange of new ones that unsurprisingly will become our future garbage. Under these circumstances, environmental pollution is the cruel price we have to pay for the consumerism culture in the age of mass production. Even though our society as a whole is increasingly aware of the environmental pollution, more has to be done to prevent the problem fromworsening.

　　我们的社会是一个受消费主义强烈影响的“浪费型”社会，因为我们更看重方便而不是环境保护。出于方便我们随意扔弃，而社会习俗让我们向下一个时尚或技术。例如，我们正在倾倒大量我们无法完全处理的垃圾，比如塑料袋和尿布。同样，我们正在丢弃电视机，手机，电脑和其他旧物品，然后换用新的，而这些新的物品又会毫不奇怪成为未来的垃圾。在这样的情况下，环境污染是我们为大规模生产时代的消费主义文化所必需付出的残酷代价。尽管整个社会日益意识到环境污染，但仍有的工作要做，以防止这个问题恶化。

　　解析

　　(1) 本段用举例的方式，描写了乱扔垃圾的严重程度，并指出这种状况需要改变。

　　(2) consumerism 消费主义

　　(3) out of convenience 出于方便

　　(4) have somebody do... 让某人做......

　　(5) fad (一时的)时尚

　　(6) likewise 同样地

　　(7) worsen 恶化

　　02

　　In order to relieve the environmental impact of the consumerism culture, we believe that recycling is the most effective solution. It is necessary for governments to make recycling a legal requirement, and “punish” those who throw away recyclable materials. For example, households will be legally required to separate all rubbish into different bins for recycling, onpenalties of fines. New waste management rules should be introduced to act as a deterrent and to encourage people to abide by strict recycling standards. At the same time, government-sponsored recycling education programs (through the media) can be useful to increase recycling by changing people’s behavior and create an environment-friendly culture.

　　为了减轻消费主义文化对环境的影响，我们认为回收是最有效的解决办法。各国政府有必要将回收利用作为一项法律要求，并“惩罚”那些扔掉可回收的材料的人。例如，法律可要求家庭将所有垃圾分成不同的垃圾桶进行回收，否则处以罚款。应该制定新的垃圾管理规则，将它作为一种威慑，鼓励人们遵守严格的回收标准。与此同时，政府资助的回收教育项目(通过媒体)可以改变人们的行为来增加回收，并创造一种环境友好型文化。

　　解析

　　(1) 本段建议垃圾回收作为解决环境问题的办法，随即提出了具体措施：制定法规、设立回收教育项目。

　　(2) solution 解决方案

　　(3) legal 法定的

　　(4) penalties 惩罚

　　(5) abide by 遵守

　　(6) deterrent 威慑(物)

　　(7) environment-friendly 环境友好的

　　03

　　In conclusion, mandatory laws must be put in place so that people who are used to the lifestyle of convenience will refrain from throwing away plastic bags and rubbish. It is important for governments to make recycling everybody’s business; otherwise, environmental protection might become nobody’s business.

　　总之，必须制定强制性法律，使习惯于方便型生活方式的人避免乱扔塑料袋和垃圾。对政府来说，让人人都参与回收工作很重要，否则，环保就变成了无人问津的事。

　　解析

　　(1) 本段为结论段。

　　(2) mandatory 强制性的

　　(3) refrain from doing... 避免做......

　　本范文中可背诵的句子

　　1. Likewise, we are discarding televisions, cell phones, computers and other used items in exchange of new ones that unsurprisingly will become our future garbage.

　　同样，我们正在丢弃电视机，手机，电脑和其他旧物品，然后换用新的，而这些新的物品又会毫不奇怪成为未来的垃圾。

　　2. Even though our society as a whole is increasingly aware of the environmental pollution, more has to be done to prevent the problem from worsening.

　　尽管整个社会日益意识到环境污染，但仍有的工作要做，以防止这个问题恶化。

　　3. At the same time, government-sponsored recycling education programs (through the media) can be useful to increase recycling by changing people’s behavior and create an environment-friendlyculture.

　　与此同时，政府资助的回收教育项目(通过媒体)可以改变人们的行为来增加回收，并创造一种环境友好型文化。

　　4. In conclusion, mandatory laws must be put in place so that people who are used to the lifestyle of convenience will refrain from throwing away plastic bags and rubbish.

　　总之，必须制定强制性法律，使习惯于方便型生活方式的人避免乱扔塑料袋和垃圾。

　　5. It is important for governments to make recycling everybody’s business; otherwise, environmental protection might become nobody’s business.

　　对政府来说，让人人都参与回收工作很重要，否则，环保就变成了无人问津的事。

　　7分范文

　　Ours is a “throw-away” society strongly influenced by consumerism as we value convenience over environmental protection. We throw away out of convenience, and societal conventions have us move on to the next fad or technology. For example, we are dumping large quantities of thrash, such as plastic bags and diapers, that we cannot fully dispose of. Likewise, we are discarding televisions, cell phones, computers and other used items in exchange of new ones that unsurprisingly will become our future garbage. Under these circumstances, environmental pollution is the cruel price we have to pay for the consumerism culture in the age of mass production. Even though our society as a whole is increasingly aware of the environmental pollution, more has to be done to prevent the problem from worsening.

　　In order to relieve the environmental impact of the consumerism culture, we believe that recycling is the most effective solution. It is necessary for governments to make recycling a legal requirement, and “punish” those who throw away recyclable materials. For example, households will be legally required to separate all rubbish into different bins for recycling, on penalties of fines. New waste management rules should be introduced to act as a deterrent and to encourage people to abide by strict recycling standards. At the same time, government-sponsored recycling education programs (through the media) can be useful to increase recycling by changing people’s behavior and create an environment-friendly culture.

　　In conclusion, mandatory laws must be put in place so that people who are used to the lifestyle of convenience will refrain from throwing away plastic bags and rubbish. It is important for governments to make recycling everybody’s business; otherwise, environmental protection might become nobody’s business.

　　(291 words)