2020年8月22日雅思大作文题目：让一代人放弃舒适生活是解决环境问题的关键吗?

　　The key to solving environmental problems is simple: present generations must have a less comfortable life for the sake of future generation. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

　　解析&审题

　　题材：环境

　　题型：手段-目的型

　　关键词：solving environmental problems + present generation + less comfortable life

　　需要讨论的观点：这一代人放弃舒适的生活，是解决环境问题的关键吗?

　　建议思路：承认手段有效，但否认是解决问题的关键，最后提出的办法。

　　复现情况：新题

　　近5年关于“环境”(environment)的雅思真题：

　　1. Some people think international cooperation has brought benefits to world environment protection, while other people think more benefits have been brought to world business. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. (2016 /12/15)国际合作有利于环境保护还是更有利于世界贸易?

　　2. Many responsible tourists pay attention to preserving the environment and culture of places they visit. Others think it is impossible to be responsible tourists. What are the reasons and solutions? (2017/7/20)为何做个负责任的游客很难?怎么解决?

　　3. More and more people buy and use their own car. Do you think the advantages of this trend for individuals outweigh its disadvantages for environment? (2018/8/24)汽车对个人的好处及对环境的坏处。

　　4. Governments should make people responsible for looking after their own local environment. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (2018/4/14)政府应该让人们负责本地环境吗?

　　5. Some people think that the environmental problems are too big for individuals to solve. Others, however, believe that the problems cannot be solved if individuals do not take some actions. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. (2019/6/13)个人对解决环境问题有作用吗?

　　6. Some people say that economic growth is the only way to end world poverty and hunger. However, others say that economic growth is damaging the environment and should be stopped. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.(2019/9/7)经济发展还是环境保护?

　　本周考题看起来是个新题，在以往的考试中都不曾出现过。但若仔细分析，我们会发现，本题的设问方式其实一点也不新，是典型的“手段-目的型”，即“某个手段是解决某个问题的办法，你是否同意”。

　　唐老师已经分析过这类题目，其写作路径是：首先承认该手段在程度上是有效的，然后讨论这个手段的不足之处，最后提出的解决办法。

　　就本题而言，我们可以这样思考：我们这代人放弃舒适的生活方式(比如少开车，少乘飞机，少使用电器等)，的确可以有助于解决环境问题，但是，既然人人都有追求幸福的权利，那我们就不能强迫任何人放弃他希望的生活方式，因此，我们需要找到其他办法来解决环境问题，比如开发绿色新能源，改进废物的循环使用度等，这才是解决环境问题的办法。

　　范文

　　It is well known that our present lifestyle has caused serious trouble for the environment. That is why many people suggest that we should give up our comfortable life so that the future generations will be able to enjoy a better environment. Though I think this suggestion is quite relevant, it is far from the best solution to environmental problems.

　　To be sure, the environment would be considerably improved if we chose to live a less comfortable life. As a matter of fact, our present lifestyle is largely responsible for many environmental problems. As more and more cars find their way into households, the exhaust gas emissions from cars have become the major culprit in the air pollution and even global warming. The cheap air travel has contributed a great deal to the consumption of nonrenewable energy. In addition, many people like to use animal products, so they never hesitate to kill wild animals, resulting in the loss of species diversity and destruction of the ecological system. Needless to say, if we drove less, traveled less, and enjoyed less, our environment would become much better.

　　The issue is, however, that few people would like to give up what they have already had. Once having been used to the conveniences of modern lifestyle, they may find it hard to go without them, even if for the sake of the environment. Furthermore, in most countries in the world, it would be too much to force people to adopt the simpler lifestyles of their parents and grandparents.

　　The key to solving environmental problems, then, does not lie in giving a mandatory order that people must live a simpler and less comfortable life, but probably in developing new technologies. Environmentally-friendly alternative energy such as solar energy ought to be widely used so that people may continue their present lifestyle but with little environmental impact. Besides, even with people living in the same lifestyle, the importance of environmental protection should be driven home to them.

　　老师笔记

　　01

　　It is well known that our present lifestyle has caused serious trouble for the environment. That is why many people suggest that we should give up our comfortable life so that the future generations will be able to enjoy a better environment. Though I think this suggestion is quite relevant, it is far from the best solution to environmental problems.

　　众所周知，我们现在的生活方式给环境造成了严重的麻烦。这就是为什么人建议我们应该放弃我们舒适的生活，这样我们的后代将能够享受的环境。虽然我认为这个建议很得当，但它远不是环境问题的解决方案。

　　解析

　　(1)本段是标准的雅思作文开头段：先引出话题，然后改写题目观点，最后给出自己的观点。

　　(2)That is why... 那就是为什么......

　　(3)Relevant 相关的;重要的;合适的

　　(4)Far from 一点也不

　　02

　　To be sure, the environment would be considerably improved if we chose to live a less comfortable life. As a matter of fact, our present lifestyle is largely responsible for many environmental problems. As more and more cars find their way into households, the exhaust gas emissions from cars have become the major culprit in the air pollution and even global warming. The cheap air travel has contributed a great deal to the consumption of nonrenewable energy. In addition, many people like to use animal products, so they never hesitate to kill wild animals, resulting in the loss of species diversity and destruction of the ecological system. Needless to say, if we drove less, traveled less, and enjoyed less, our environment would become much better.

　　当然，如果我们选择过不那么舒适的生活，环境会有很大的改善。事实上，我们目前的生活方式在很大程度上是造成许多环境问题的原因。随着越来越多的汽车进入家庭，汽车排放的废气已经成为空气污染甚至全球变暖的主要罪魁祸首。廉价航空旅行导致大量不可再生能源的消耗。此外，许多人喜欢使用动物产品，所以他们从不犹豫杀死野生动物，导致物种多样性的损失以及生态系统的破坏。不用说，如果我们少开车，少旅行，少享受，我们的环境就会好得多。

　　解析

　　(1)本段先承认：如果放弃我们目前的生活方式，环境的确会好。本段提及到汽车、飞机和动物产品，大家也可以写电器、空调之类的消费。

　　(2)To be sure 当然;毫无疑问

　　(3)Considerably 极大地

　　(4)As a matter of fact 事实上

　　(5)Be responsible for... 对......负责;是......的原因

　　(6)Largely 在很大程度上

　　(7)Find one’s way to/into... 进入.......

　　(8)Culprit 罪犯;(造成后果的)原因

　　(9)Contribute to... 为......作贡献;有助于......

　　(10)Result in... 导致

　　(11)Species diversity 物种多样性

　　03

　　The issue is, however, that few people would like to give up what they have already had. Once having been used to the conveniences of modern lifestyle, they may find it hard to go without them, even if for the sake of the environment. Furthermore, in most countries in the world, it would be too much to force people to adopt the simpler lifestyles of their parents and grandparents.

　　然而，问题是，很少有人愿意放弃他们已经拥有的东西。一旦习惯了现代生活方式的便利，他们可能会发现很难没有它们，即使是为了环境。此外，在世界上大多数，强迫人们采纳父母和祖父母的更简单的生活方式也是行不通的。

　　解析

　　(1) 本段转折过来：给出两个原因，论证强迫人们放弃舒适的生活方式很难做到。

　　(2) The issue is that... 问题是......

　　(3) For the sake of... 为了......

　　(4) Adopt 采纳;使用

　　04

　　The key to solving environmental problems, then, does not lie in giving a mandatory order that people must live a simpler and less comfortable life, but probably in developing new technologies. Environmentally-friendly alternative energy such as solar energy ought to be widely used so that people may continue their present lifestyle but with little environmentalimpact. Besides, even with people living in the same lifestyle, the importance of environmental protection should be driven home to them.

　　因此，解决环境问题的关键并不在于下达一个强制性命令，即人们必须过更简单、更不舒适的生活，而可能在于开发新技术。环境友好的替代能源，如太阳能，应该被广泛使用，以便人们可以继续他们目前的生活方式，但不会对环境产生什么影响。此外，即使在人们按照同样生活方式生活的情况下，也应该让他们知道环境保护的重要性。

　　解析

　　(1)本段提出的方法：开发替代能源和教育人们环保意识。

　　(2)Lie in 在于......

　　(3)Mandatory 强制性的

　　(4)Environmentally-friendly 环境友好的

　　(5)Alternative energy 替代能源

　　(6)Impact 击;影响

　　(7)Drive home something to somebody 让某人明白某事