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发布时间:2025-06-24 关键词:托福口语
摘要:托福口语表达中的语法错误往往因母语迁移、规则掌握不牢或表达仓促导致,这些错误虽小却可能影响语义理解或拉低评分。
托福口语表达中的语法错误往往因母语迁移、规则掌握不牢或表达仓促导致,这些错误虽小却可能影响语义理解或拉低评分。
一、动词时态与语态错误
1. 一般现在时 vs 过去时混淆
错误示例:
“Last week, I go to the library.”(正确:went)
“The professor say that environment is important.”(正确:said)
原因:口语中因紧张忽略动作发生时间,或受中文 “动词无形态变化” 影响。
建议:开口前快速判断时间背景(如题目中出现 “yesterday”“last month” 等词时,强制使用过去时)。
2. 被动语态误用或缺失
错误示例:
“The problem should solve immediately.”(正确:should be solved)
“Many books wrote by that author.”(正确:were written)
原因:未区分主动 / 被动逻辑(如 “问题被解决”“书被撰写” 需用被动)。
建议:遇到动作承受者作主语时(如 “the experiment”“the policy”),检查是否需加 “be + 过去分词”。
二、主谓一致错误
1. 第三人称单数漏加 - s
错误示例:
“My friend often study abroad.”(正确:studies)
“The article explain two theories.”(正确:explains)
原因:中文无 “动词单三” 概念,口语中易忽略主语单复数。
建议:主语为 he/she/it、单数名词(如 “the professor”“a book”)时,强制在动词后加 - s/-es。
2. 集体名词与动词搭配错误
错误示例:
“The team are winning the game.”(正确:is,强调整体时用单数)
“The audience were cheering loudly.”(正确:was/were 均可,视语境强调个体或整体)
原因:未明确集体名词(team/audience/class 等)在句中表示 “整体” 还是 “个体”。
建议:若强调 “整体行为” 用单数(如 “The class wins the prize”),强调 “个体动作” 用复数(如 “The class are discussing”)。
三、名词单复数与冠词错误
1. 可数名词单数裸奔
错误示例:
“I have book on the table.”(正确:a book/books)
“Professor gave me advice about course.”(正确:a course/courses)
原因:中文名词无单复数变化,易遗漏冠词(a/an/the)或复数 - s。
建议:可数名词单数前必须有冠词(如 “a university”“the problem”),或变复数(如 “universities”“problems”)。
2. 不可数名词误加复数
错误示例:
“There are many informations in the article.”(正确:information)
“I need some advices for my project.”(正确:advice)
常见不可数名词:information/advice/knowledge/news/homework/equipment 等。
建议:熟记不可数名词列表,可用 “some/much/a piece of” 修饰,不可加 - s。
四、代词使用错误
1. 主格 vs 宾格混淆
错误示例:
“Me and my friend went to the park.”(正确:My friend and I)
“The teacher gave the book to he.”(正确:him)
原因:未区分代词在句中作主语(I/she/we)还是宾语(me/her/us)。
建议:口诀 “主格放句首,宾格放动词 / 介词后”(如 “Between you and me”“He told her”)。
2. 指代不明或缺失
错误示例:
“In the article, they say that exercise is good.”(正确:the author says)
“I like reading, and it helps improve them.”(正确:it helps improve my skills)
原因:“they”“them” 等代词无明确指代对象,或未说明 “improve” 的宾语。
建议:避免模糊指代,明确主语(如用 “the professor” 代替 “he”),宾语需具体(如 “improve my vocabulary”)。
五、从句引导词与结构错误
1. 宾语从句时态混乱
错误示例:
“The speaker said that climate change will become worse.”(正确:would become,主句过去时,从句用过去将来时)
“I believe that he finished the task yesterday.”(正确:finished,主句现在时,从句时态依实际情况)
规则:主句为过去时(said/believed),从句需用相应过去时态(如过去将来时、过去完成时)。
建议:遇到 “say/think/believe” 等动词时,根据主句时态调整从句时态。
2. 定语从句引导词误用
错误示例:
“The book that I bought it yesterday is interesting.”(正确:删除 “it”,that 已指代 book)
“This is the place where I visited last year.”(正确:which/that,visit 为及物动词,需接宾语)
原因:重复使用代词(如 “that...it”),或未区分及物 / 不及物动词(如 visit 后可直接接地点,无需 where)。
建议:定语从句中,引导词(that/which/who)已充当从句主语或宾语,无需再加代词。
六、介词误用
高频错误搭配:
错误示例:
“I agree with the opinion about studying abroad.”(正确:agree with the opinion on/about...)
“She is good in playing piano.”(正确:good at playing)
常见固定搭配:
擅长:be good at/skillful in
讨论:discuss about(×)→ discuss sth. /talk about sth.
参加:join in the club(×)→ join the club /take part in the activity
建议:整理高频介词短语(如 on/at/in 的时间 / 地点用法),每天背诵 5 组,避免母语直译。
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