北京新航道衷心为为广大考生提供托福考试及其托福培训的相关资料及其指导。在托福考试中，阅读理解是重头戏，对考生来说得分容易失分也容易，所以说要把握好阅读理解很重要。考生很头疼，怎样才能阅读能力并在托福考试中获得好的成绩呢? 在这里，我们和考生一起通过对过去真题钟阅读部分做详解，来总结经验，多积累。希望通过这些回顾和总结帮助考生来攻克阅读的难关。

 

　　Groundwater答案解析

 

　　Key:

 

　　1.C 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.D 6.A 7.A 8.A 9.C 10.B 11.D 12.A 13.D 14.1 2 3

 

　　题目解析：

 

　　1.Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about the ground that we walk on?(Inference Question)

 

　　A.It cannot hold rainwater for long periods of time.

 

　　B.It prevents most groundwater from circulating.

 

　　C.It absorbs most of the water it contains from rivers.

 

　　D.It has the capacity to store large amounts of water.

 

　　相关原句：At first thought it seems incredible that there can be enough space in the “solid” ground underfoot to hold all this water.(Paragraph 1)

 

　　本题解析：文中指出地下居然能储存这麽多水是不可思议的，也就是说地下可以存储大量水，因此选择D。

 

　　正确答案：D

 

　　2.The word “incredible” in the passage is closest in meaning to (Vocabulary Question)

 

　　A.Unbelievable

 

　　B.Comforting

 

　　C.Confusing

 

　　D.Interesting

 

　　相关原句：At first thought it seems incredible that there can be enough space in the “solid” ground underfoot to hold all this water.(Paragraph 1)

 

　　本题解析：incredible意为“不可思议的”，即“难以相信的(unbelievable)”，因此选择A。

 

　　正确答案：A

 

　　3.The word “out of sight” in the passage is closest in meaning to (Vocabulary Question)

 

　　A.Far away

 

　　B.Partly visible

 

　　C.Hidden

 

　　D.Discovered

 

　　相关原句：Beds of this material, out of sight beneath the soil, are common.(Paragraph 2)

 

　　本题解析：Out of sight意为“看不见的”，文中指被土壤掩盖了的，即“藏起来的(hidden)”，因此选择C。

 

　　正确答案：C

 

　　4.According to paragraph 2, where is groundwater usually found?(Factual Information Question)

 

　　A.Inside pieces of sand and gravel

 

　　B.On top of beds of rock

 

　　C.In fast rivers that are flowing beneath the soil

 

　　D.In spaces between pieces of sediment

 

　　相关原句：The commonest spaces are those among the particles—sand grains and tiny pebbles—of loose, unconsolidated sand and gravel.(Paragraph 2)

 

　　本题解析：第二段指出最普遍的地下水存储空间在于疏松土壤和沙石间的空隙，因此选择D。

 

　　正确答案：D

 

　　5.The phrase “glacial outwash” in the passage refers to (Reference Question)

 

　　A.Fast rivers

 

　　B.Glaciers

 

　　C.The huge volumes of water created by glacial melting

 

　　D.The particles carried in water from melting glaciers

 

　　相关原句：The water was always laden with pebbles, gravel, and sand, known as glacial outwash, that was deposited as the flow slowed down.(Paragraph 2)

 

　　本题解析：“glacial outwash”指的即是河水所承载的鹅卵石、沙石和沙子等，因此选择D。

 

　　正确答案：D

 

　　6.All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 3 as places that sediment-laden rivers can deposit their sediments EXCEPT(Negative Factual Information Question)

 

　　A.A mountain valley

 

　　B.Flat land

 

　　C.A lake floor

 

　　D.The seafloor

 

　　相关原句：…wherever a sediment-laden river or stream emerges from a mountain valley onto relatively flat land, dropping its load as the current slows…(Paragraph 3)

 

　　Sediments are also dropped where a river slows on entering a lake or the sea, the deposited sediments are on a lake floor or the seafloor at first…(Paragraph 3)

 

　　本题解析：本段指出了三处沉积物沉淀的地点：平地(flat land)，湖床(a lake floor)，海床(the seafloor)。山谷(mountain valley)是沉淀物的来源地，不是沉淀地点，因此选择A。

 

　　正确答案：A

 

　　7.The word “overlie” in the passage is closest in meaning to (Vocabulary Question)

 

　　A.Cover

 

　　B.Change

 

　　C.Separate

 

　　D.Surround

 

　　相关原句：In lowland country almost any spot on the ground may overlie what was once the bed of a river that has since become buried by soil;(Paragraph 4)

 

　　本题解析：overlie意为“叠加、覆盖”，与cover同义，因此选择A。

 

　　正确答案：A

 

 

　　8.The phrase “so much for” in the passage is closest in meaning to(Vocabulary Question)

 

　　A.That is enough about

 

　　B.Now let us turn to

 

　　C.Of greater concern are

 

　　D.This is related to

 

　　相关原句：So much for unconsolidated sediments.(Paragraph 5)

 

　　本题解析：so much for意为“暂时说这些…”，文章接下来要讲述有关consolidated sediments，因此关于上文中的疏松沉淀物暂时谈这些。因此选择A。

 

　　正确答案：A

 

　　9.The word “plugged” in the passage is closet in meaning to (Vocabulary Question)

 

　　A.Washed

 

　　B.Dragged

 

　　C.Filled up

 

　　D.Soaked through

 

　　相关原句：This is because the gaps among the original grains are often not totally plugged with cementing chemicals; (Paragraph 5)

 

　　本题解析：plug意为“塞住”，指沙石缝隙被“填塞住(fill up)”，因此选择C。

 

　　正确答案：C

 

　　10.According to paragraphs 6 and 7, why is basalt unlike most crystalline forms of rock?(Factual Information Question)

 

　　A.It is unusually solid

 

　　B.It often has high porosity.

 

　　C.It has a low proportion of empty space.

 

　　D.It is highly permeable.

 

　　相关原句：Most crystalline rocks are much more solid; a common exception is basalt, a form of solidified volcanic lava, which is sometimes full of tiny bubbles that make it very porous.(Paragraph 6)

 

　　本题解析：大多数结晶岩石都很坚硬，而玄武岩不同，它具有气孔(very porous)，因此选择B。

 

　　正确答案：B

 

　　11.What is the main purpose of paragraph 7?(Rhetorical Purpose Question)

 

　　A.To explain why water can flow through rock

 

　　B.To emphasize the large amount of empty space in all rock

 

　　C.To point out that a rock cannot be both porous and permeable

 

　　D.To distinguish between two related properties of rock

 

　　相关原句：But note that porosity is not the same as permeability…(Paragraph 7)

 

　　本题解析：本段主要对多孔性和可渗透性这两个岩石的性质做了区别，因此选择D。

 

　　正确答案：D

 

　　12.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? (Sentence Simplification Question)

 

　　A.Surface tension is not strong enough to retain drops of water in rocks with large pores but it strong enough to hold on to thin films of water in rocks with small pores.

 

　　B.Water in rocks is held in place by large pores and drains away from small size pores through surface tension.

 

　　C.Small pores and large pores both interact with surface tension to determine whether a rock will hold water as heavy drops or as a thin film.

 

　　D.If the force of surface tension is too weak to hold water in place as heavy drops, the water will continue to be held firmly in place as a thin film when large pores exist.

 

　　相关原句：If the pores are large, the water in them will exist as drops too heavy for surface tension to hold, and it will drain away; but if the pores are small enough, the water in them will exist as thin films, too light to overcome the force of surface tension holding them in place; then the water will be firmly held.(Paragraph 9)

 

　　本题解析：本句指出：如果孔大，其中的水会变为水滴，水滴太沉，岩石表面张力握不住，水便会排出;但如果孔足够小，其中的水会变成薄膜，薄膜很轻，无法挣脱表面张力的控制，这样水便会被紧紧收住。因此选择A。

 

　　注意：C选项错误在于：并不是孔与张力相互作用，而应是水与张力相互作用。

 

　　正确答案：A

 

　　13.Look at the four squares [ █ ] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.(Insert Text Question)

 

　　What, then, determines what proportion of the water stays and what proportion drains away?

 

　　Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square to add the sentence to the passage.

 

　　Much of the water in a sample of water-saturated sediment or rock will drain from it if the sample is put in a suitable dry place.█(A)But some will remain, clinging to all solid surfaces.█(B) It is held there by the force of surface tension without which water would drain instantly from any wet surface, leaving it totally dry.█(C) The total volume of water in the saturated sample must therefore be thought of as consisting of water that can, and water that cannot, drain away.█(D)What, then, determines what proportion of the water stays and what proportion drains away?

 

　　本题解析：插入句中“what proportion of the water stays ”与“ what proportion drains away”暗示着其前一句必有关于两种水份的存在的内容，而原段末句恰总结了岩石中所含种水份“water that can and water that cannot drain away”，因此选择D。

 

　　正确答案：D

 

　　14.Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below.Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage.Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage.This question is worth 2 points.(Prose Summary Question)

 

　　Much of the ground is actually saturated with water.

 

　　Answer choices

 

　　1.Sediments that hold water were spread by glaciers and are still spread by rivers and streams.(√)

 

　　2.Water is stored underground in beds of loose sand and gravel or in cemented sediment.(√)

 

　　3.The size of a saturated rock’s pores determines how much water it will retain when the rock is put in a dry place.(√)

 

　　4.Groundwater often remains underground for a long time before it emerges again.

 

　　5.Like sandstone, basalt is a crystalline rock that is very porous.

 

　　6.Beds of unconsolidated sediments are typically located at inland sites that were once underwater.

 

　　本题解析：

 

　　正确答案应陈述文章主要内容----承载地下水的物质(疏松沉淀物和非疏松沙石)以及其吸附水份的空间。

 

　　1.选项内容指出了疏松沉淀物来自于冰川或河流的扩展，文中二三两段中描述了冰川和如今的河流如何将承载的疏松物质沉淀下来，1、正确。

 

　　2.选项内容总结了地下水储存的两种物质：疏松沉积物和非疏松沙石，2、正确。

 

　　3.选项内容指出了地下蓄水岩石的孔大小决定了水份被排除还是被保留，末端总结了这一内容：孔大则水排出，孔小则水储存，3、正确。

 

　　4.属细节内容，4、错误。

 

　　5.属细节内容，5、错误。

 

　　6.文中指出非疏松沉积物后来有可能位移至内陆，但并未说明内陆曾经有地下水(were once underwater)，6、错误。

 

　　正确答案：1，2，3

 

　　上面就是Groundwater答案解析。努力总会有收获的，阅读是需要长期的练习积累才能的，所以考生要坚持下来，要用心且找到适合自己的方法，及早发现缺陷，扬长补短，取得一个好成绩，北京新航道在这里预祝大家能够发挥出自己的状态，取得好成绩。

 

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