北京新航道为托福考生提供托福考试指导和建议。在托福考试中，若说词汇是基础，那么语法就是脉络，支撑着所有的题型。对同学来说，语法是令人头疼的，从开始接触，到学已数载，可能还是没弄明白。其实，语法并不是那么难懂，只要用心去揣摩，多做练习，就会潜移默化的懂了。在这里，我们针对托福考试中的语法进行分类解析，帮助考生复习，重拾语法信心。

 

　　复合句是TOEEL考题的根基句子结构，因而毗连主句和从句的毗连词就成为主要的命题焦点。TOEEL常考的隶属连词分三类：(1)关系代词( that, which ,what who. Whose) (2) 关系副词(where when why how) (3) 状语从句毗连词 (where, when, if, though, because…) 有关隶属连辞书试题大部门集中在Structure (1-15题中) 把握命题纪律，这类问题问题并不复杂。隶属连词常考题型及解题要点

 

　　1. 主句与从句之间必需有隶属连词

 

　　全真例题剖析

 

　　(1)The spiral threads of a spider*s web have a sticky substance on them ------- insects.

 

　　(A) traps

 

　　(B) trap its

 

　　(C) which traps

 

　　(D) which it traps (92.1)

 

　　[谜底] C 定语从句关系代词which指导从句，且在从句中作趾笫览ヒ幔

 

　　(2)Angiosperms inhabit relatively diverse environments and may be found ------- higher plants can survive.

 

　　(A) there

 

　　(B) wherever

 

　　(C) somewhere

 

　　(D) then (92.5)

 

　　[谜底] B 空格前后为两个完整的句子，这里应填入毗连词联系主从两句。四个选择只有wherever是连词，指导地址状语从句。

 

　　(3)Duke Wellington was a composer. Conductor, and pianist ------ ranked as one of the greatest of all jazz figures.

 

　　(A) him

 

　　(B) although

 

　　(C) or

 

　　(D) who (92.10)

 

　　[谜底] D 关系代词who指导定语从句，并作从句的趾笫览ヒ幔

 

　　(4)-------. Some of the Earth*s interior heat escapes to the surface.

 

　　(A) A volcano erupts

 

　　(B) A volcano whether erupts

 

　　(C) A volcano erupts it

 

　　(D) If a volcano erupts (93.5)

 

　　[谜底] D 隶属连词指导前提状语从句。

 

　　2. 关系代词 who与which同化错用

 

　　解题要点：在written Expression (16-40题)中的四个选择谜底中呈现who 或者which，应确认它所指代的是人仍是物。

 

　　全直例题剖析

 

　　(1)Fossil remains indicate that squidlike creatures called belemnites swam in the sea who covered the North American continent 70 million years ago. (94.5)

 

　　[谜底] C 关系代词who指代的是sea，是以应用指物的which或that。

 

　　(2)Vaccines for some rare diseases are given only to persons which risk exposure to the disease. (93.1)

 

　　[谜底] B 关系代词which指代前面的persons，应改为人称关系代词who。

 

　　(3)Anne Elizabeth McDowell is best remembered for a weekly journal, the Woman*s Advocate, who she launched in January 1855. (91.8)

 

　　[谜底] D 关系代词who指代杂志the woman*s Advocate,故应改为which。

 

　　(4) The attorney general of the United States advises the President on any questions of law who may arise in the conduct of administrative affairs. (90.10)

 

　　[谜底] B 关系代词who指代前文的questions of law，故应改为which或that。

 

　　3. 介词+关系代词which结构

 

　　解题要点 介词+which浸染相当于一个关系副词，在从句作状语。可暗示时刻(=when) ,地址(= where) ，原因(=why)等等。

 

　　全真例题剖析

 

　　(1) In reorganizing the curriculum of Mt. Holyoke College in the late 1800*s Elizabeth Mead laid the foundation ------- the modern college rests.

 

　　(A) is which

 

　　(B) on which

 

　　(C) which is on

 

　　(D) on it (91.1)

 

　　[谜底] B on which 指代on the foundation ，浸染相当于一个暗示地址的关系副词。

 

　　(2) A circuit may be defined as a closed path ------- electricity can How.

 

　　(A) through it

 

　　(B) through which

 

　　(C) that is through

 

　　(D) there goes through (93.3)

 

　　[谜底] B through which 指代through the circuit, 浸染相当于一个关系副词，而介词through才能切确地表达句子的寄义。

 

　　(3) The extent of the harmful effect of locoweeds on animals depends on the soil ------- the plants grow.

 

　　(A) which

 

　　(B) which in

 

　　(C) in which

 

　　(D) in (90.5)

 

　　[谜底] C in which = where

 

　　(4) Adhesives, such as glue, tape and gum, vary with the purpose ------- intended.

 

　　(A) they were for

 

　　(B) for they were

 

　　(C) which were they

 

　　(D) for which they were (93.10)

 

　　[谜底] D for which指代for the purpose。

 

　　4. What 指导的名词性从句

 

　　解题要点：what兼先行词和关系代词双重身份，即what = the thing (things) that…。是以考生应出格注重，what既已包含先行词在内，它的前面就不应该再呈现先行中心名词。What 与that 的区分是TOEEL常考问题问题

 

　　全真例题剖析

 

　　(1) During the eighteenth century, Little Turtle was chief of the Miami tribe whose territory became ------- is now Indiana and Ohio.

 

　　(A) there

 

　　(B) where

 

　　(C) that

 

　　(D) what (93.5)

 

　　[谜底] D what = the area that。What所指代的是地址、位置。然而，此句却不成选择(B)where。因为关系副词where不能作从句的趾笫览ヒ幔只有what即是先行词又是关系代词。

 

　　(2) The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on ------- best in its climate and soil.

 

　　(A) it grows

 

　　(B) what grows

 

　　(C) does it grow

 

　　(D) what does grow (90.1)

 

　　[谜底] B what grows = the thing that grows…另请注重：介词后面凡是不能接that指导的从句，但可接what指导的名词性从句。

 

　　(3) A hinge joint is ------- permits the forward and backward movement of a door.

 

　　(A) the

 

　　(B) what

 

　　(C) those

 

　　(D) whose (88.10)

 

　　[谜底] B what = the thing that…

 

　　(4) Essentially, a theory is an abstract. Symbolic representation of ------- reality.

 

　　(A) what it is conceived

 

　　(B) that is conceived

 

　　(C) what is conceived to be

 

　　(D) that is being conceived of (89.5)

 

　　[谜底] C what = the thing that (is conceived to be…) .谜底(A)中的代词it是多余的，因为what自己即已包含了先行词(the thing ) 和关系代词(that) 。谜底(B)中的关系代词that指导的从句不成以置于介辞书后面。

 

　　(5) Most of the food what elephants eat is brought to their mouths by their trunks. (93.10

 

　　[谜底] B what应改为that。此句已含有先行词food，不能再用关系代词what。

 

　　5. 主句和从句

 

　　解题要点 主语从句是TOEEL常考而中国考生又较目生英文文法结构。有关主语从句的命题几乎全数集中在structure (1-15题)中。主语从句的特点是读起来有种头重脚轻的感受，而且有两个谓语动词。连词That 指导的主语从句应出格寄望。因为That 在句中没有任何意义，它只具有指导出主语从句的功能，因而很轻易被忽略。

 

　　全真例题剖析

 

　　(1) ------- xenon could not from chemical compounds was once believed by scientists.

 

　　(A) For

 

　　(B) It was

 

　　(C) That

 

　　(D) While (91.1)

 

　　[谜底] C That指导的主语从句。其中个谓语动词could from 是从句的谓语，第二个系动was是主句的谓语。

 

　　(2) ------- to space travelers is high acceleration of deceleration forces.

 

　　(A) Danger can be

 

　　(B) They can be dangerous

 

　　(C) What can be dangerous

 

　　(D) While danger (93.1)

 

　　[谜底] C what指导的主语从句。What既是从句的连词，又是从句的趾笫览ヒ幔

 

　　(3) ------- has been a topic of continual geological research.

 

　　(A) Did the continents originate

 

　　(B) How did the continents originate

 

　　(C) Have the continents originated

 

　　(D) How the continents originated (91.1)

 

　　[谜底] D How 指导的主语从句。

 

　　(4) ------- progress helps to relieve scarcities is a fact accepted by economists.

 

　　(A) Technological

 

　　(B) That technological

 

　　(C)Although technological

 

　　(D)There is technological

 

　　[谜底] B. That 指导的主语从句，当持续读到两个谓语动词(e.g. Helps…is)，而空格在句首，应首先考虑主语从句。这是主语从句典型的句子结构。

 

　　上面就是关于从属连词词的解析。考生们切记要搞懂，理顺了脉络，做起题来才会得心应手。掌握好语法是关键。另外，生们要记住一点，万变不离其宗，不要换个样子就不会了，活学活用贯穿始终。祝考生考出理想成绩。

 

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