北京新航道为托福考生提供托福考试指导和建议。在托福考试中，若说词汇是基础，那么语法就是脉络，支撑着所有的题型。对同学来说，语法是令人头疼的，从开始接触，到学已数载，可能还是没弄明白。其实，语法并不是那么难懂，只要用心去揣摩，多做练习，就会潜移默化的懂了。在这里，我们针对托福考试中的语法进行分类解析，帮助考生复习，重拾语法信心。

 

　　分词常考题型及解题要点：

 

　　1. 分词具有形容词特征，可零丁作定语或表语。

 

　　全真例题剖析

 

　　(1) The highly respect zoologist Ernest Just Joined the ruling board of the Marine Biological Laboratory in the 1930*s (93.1)

 

　　[谜底] B 动词respect用来润色后面的名词zoologist，故应改用分词respected形式，其浸染相当于形容词作定语。

 

　　(2) A patent gives inventors exclusive rights to their inventions for a fix period of time. (90.1)

 

　　[答] C 润色保词period应用动辞书分词形式，即fixed。

 

　　(3) Characteristics of Op Art are the carefully arrange hues and geometric patterns that create optical illusions. (88.5)

 

　　[谜底] A 润色名词hues，应用分词形式arranged。

 

　　(4) The question of the origin of the Moon is interest not only in itself but also as a part of the larger genesis of the earth and the solar system . (88.5)

 

　　[谜底] B interest应用其分词interesting形式作表语，浸染相当于一个形空词。

 

　　2. 分词短语作定语，放置于中心名词后面

 

　　解题要点 分词短语作后置定语在TOEEL考题中呈现频率很是高。因而，考生务必熟记这一结构和用法。现实上，分词短语作后置定语。皆是定语从句的省略形式。

 

　　全真例题剖析

 

　　(1) The leaves and stems of the aifaifa plant are the only parts of the plant -------

 

　　(A) the uses for livestock feed

 

　　(B) for using livestock feed

 

　　(C) used for livestock feed

 

　　(D) they are used for livestock feed (93.1)

 

　　[谜底] C曩昔分词used + 介语短语组成的分词短语润色前面的名词藻分the only parts of the plant，作后置定语。此结构亦扩展为定语从句(that are ) used for livestock feed

 

　　(2) The slide rule used sliding scales with marks ------- numbers and their logarithms.

 

　　(A) representing

 

　　(B) represented

 

　　(C) are represented

 

　　(D) they are representing (92.10)

 

　　[谜底] A 分词短语作名词marks的后置定语，浸染相当于一个定语从句：which represent numbers and their logarithms。

 

　　(3) Earlg philosophers believe that the mind was divided into three faculties ------- s feeling ,intellect and will

 

　　(A) to know

 

　　(B) known

 

　　(C) knowing

 

　　(D) knew them (94.1)

 

　　[谜底] B分词短语known as…声名前面的名词three faculties。此结构可改写成定语从句。Which are known as…

 

　　(4) The bison know for the hump over its shoulders is usually called a buffalo in North America. (91.1)

 

　　[谜底] A 此句主语是The bison ,谓语是系词is ,划线A部门理当为分词短语，润色名词The bison .A应改为known for。

 

　　(5) Louisa May Alcott is chiefly remembered for Little Women. One of the most popular girls books ever wrote (88.5)

 

　　[谜底] D 润色名词books应用分词生语ever written。

 

　　3. 分词短语作状语

 

　　解题要点 在句了意义很是清嚣张明晰时，状语从句凡是可以简单为分词短语，但有一个先决前提。此分词短语的逻辑主语应与句子的主语为统一人或物，此类分词短语通安插于句首。

 

　　全真例题剖析

 

　　(1) ------- as“the census taker of the sky”Annie Jump Cannon contributed considerably to the field of astronomy.

 

　　(A) Known

 

　　(B) Knowing

 

　　(C) To known

 

　　(D) Knowledge (92.5)

 

　　[谜底] A 分词短语置于句首作暗示身份的状语。它的逻辑主语即是句子的主语Annie Jump Cannon.

 

　　(2) ------- in 1635, the Boston Latin School is the oldest public school in the United States .

 

　　(A) Founded

 

　　(B) Founding

 

　　(C) To found

 

　　(D) Having founded (92.1)

 

　　[谜底] A 分词短语暗示时刻，其逻辑主语即是句子主语The Boston Latin School.

 

　　(3) ------- the constitution of the Cherokee Nation provided for a chief executive, a senate, and a house of representatives.

 

　　(A) In 1827 they drafted

 

　　(B) The draft in 1827

 

　　(C) In 1872 was drafted

 

　　(D) Drafted in 1827 (90.5)

 

　　[谜底] D分词短语作状语，暗示时刻。此结构可扩展为一状语从句;where the constitution of the Cherokee Nation was drafted in 1827 it provided for a chief executive a senate, and a house of representatives.

 

　　4. 此刻分词表达自动的概念;曩昔分词表达被动的概念

 

　　全真例题剖析

 

　　(1) Tudging to be the best boxer of his time, sugar Ray Robinson lost only 3 out of 137 fights (94.1)

 

　　[谜底] A 此分词短语与其逻辑上的主语sugar Ray Robinson 是被动的关系(Sugar was judged to be…) 故应用曩昔词Tudped to be.

 

　　(2) During the Colonial days, the Iroquois had an agricultural economy basing mainly on corn with supplementary crops of pumpkins ,beans, and tobacco. (92.1)

 

　　[谜底] B凡是我们说to be based on ，这个短语暗示被动概念(基于，以…为基本)，所以应改用曩昔分词based。

 

　　(3) Per capita income is a nation*s entire income dividing by the number of people in the nation. (90.10)

 

　　[谜底] B按照句意及分词dividing后面的介词by，可以揣度这个分词短语表达的是被动的概念，是以，应用曩昔分词divided by。

 

　　(4) Clementine Hunter*s primitive paintings have been exhibited at various galleries. Included one at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington. D.C. (93.1)

 

　　[谜底] D 分词in cluded与其逻辑的主语paintings并无被动的关系，不应用曩昔分词，应改为习用此刻分词短语in cluding + 名词宾语的结构

 

　　上面就是关于分词的解析。考生们切记要搞懂，理顺了脉络，做起题来才会得心应手。掌握好语法是关键。另外，生们要记住一点，万变不离其宗，不要换个样子就不会了，活学活用贯穿始终。祝考生考出理想成绩。

 

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