我们都知道，学英语，首先要学音标单词，其次就要学语法了。语法是英语学习的脉络。在托福考试中也是一样，语法很重要。考生对此一直搞不明白，做不好题，读不懂题，写不好文章。那么，如何突破托福语法难关，取得理想的成绩呢。北京新航道为托福考生提供考前及考试指导，帮助考生分析预测考题，解析并总结考情，一起攻克托福难关。

 

　　从属连词及真题要点解析

 

　　复合句是TOEEL考题的基本句子结构，因而连接主句和从句的连接词就成为重要的命题焦点。TOEEL常考的从属连词分三类：(1)关系代词( that, which ,what who. Whose) (2) 关系副词(where when why how) (3) 状语从句连接词 (where, when, if, though, because…) 有关从属连词的试题大部分集中在Structure (1-15题中) 掌握命题规律，这类题目并不复杂。

 

　　从属连词常考题型及解题要点

 

　　1. 主句与从句之间必须有从属连词

 

　　全真例题分析

 

　　(1)The spiral threads of a spider*s web have a sticky substance on them ------- insects.

 

　　(A) traps

 

　　(B) trap its

 

　　(C) which traps

 

　　(D) which it traps (92.1)

 

　　[答案] C 定语从句关系代词which引导从句，且在从句中作主语。

 

　　(2)Angiosperms inhabit relatively diverse environments and may be found ------- higher plants can survive.

 

　　(A) there

 

　　(B) wherever

 

　　(C) somewhere

 

　　(D) then (92.5)

 

　　[答案] B 空格前后为两个完整的句子，这里应填入连接词联系主从两句。四个选择只有wherever是连词，引导地点状语从句。

 

　　(3)Duke Wellington was a composer. Conductor, and pianist ------ ranked as one of the greatest of all jazz figures.

 

　　(A) him

 

　　(B) although

 

　　(C) or

 

　　(D) who (92.10)

 

　　[答案] D 关系代词who引导定语从句，并作从句的主语。

 

　　(4)-------. Some of the Earth*s interior heat escapes to the surface.

 

　　(A) A volcano erupts

 

　　(B) A volcano whether erupts

 

　　(C) A volcano erupts it

 

　　(D) If a volcano erupts (93.5)

 

　　[答案] D 从属连词引导条件状语从句。

 

　　2. 关系代词 who与which混淆错用

 

　　解题要点：在written Expression (16-40题)中的四个选择答案中出现who 或者which，应确认它所指代的是人还是物。

 

　　全直例题分析

 

　　(1)Fossil remains indicate that squidlike creatures called belemnites swam in the sea who covered the North American continent 70 million years ago. (94.5)

 

　　[答案] C 关系代词who指代的是sea，因此应用指物的which或that。

 

　　(2)Vaccines for some rare diseases are given only to persons which risk exposure to the disease. (93.1)

 

　　[答案] B 关系代词which指代前面的persons，应改为人称关系代词who。

 

　　(3)Anne Elizabeth McDowell is best remembered for a weekly journal, the Woman*s Advocate, who she launched in January 1855. (91.8)

 

　　[答案] D 关系代词who指代杂志the woman*s Advocate,故应改为which。

 

　　(4) The attorney general of the United States advises the President on any questions of law who may arise in the conduct of administrative affairs. (90.10)

 

　　[答案] B 关系代词who指代前文的questions of law，故应改为which或that。

 

　　3. 介词+关系代词which结构

 

　　解题要点 介词+which作用相当于一个关系副词，在从句作状语。可表示时间(=when) ,地点(= where) ，原因(=why)等等。

 

　　全真例题分析

 

　　(1) In reorganizing the curriculum of Mt. Holyoke College in the late 1800*s Elizabeth Mead laid the foundation ------- the modern college rests.

 

　　(A) is which

 

　　(B) on which

 

　　(C) which is on

 

　　(D) on it (91.1)

 

　　[答案] B on which 指代on the foundation ，作用相当于一个表示地点的关系副词。

 

　　(2) A circuit may be defined as a closed path ------- electricity can How.

 

　　(A) through it

 

　　(B) through which

 

　　(C) that is through

 

　　(D) there goes through (93.3)

 

　　[答案] B through which 指代through the circuit, 作用相当于一个关系副词，而介词through才能准确地表达句子的含义。

 

　　(3) The extent of the harmful effect of locoweeds on animals depends on the soil ------- the plants grow.

 

　　(A) which

 

　　(B) which in

 

　　(C) in which

 

　　(D) in (90.5)

 

　　[答案] C in which = where

 

　　(4) Adhesives, such as glue, tape and gum, vary with the purpose ------- intended.

 

　　(A) they were for

 

　　(B) for they were

 

　　(C) which were they

 

　　(D) for which they were (93.10)

 

　　[答案] D for which指代for the purpose。

 

　　上面就是北京新航道小编为大家整理的托福语法，每一节都很详细，大家要认真地看，并做题总结。相信熟能生巧，语法问题也就迎刃而解了。最后，祝大家考试成功，顺利出国。

 

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