北京新航道为大家提供托福培训，解决托福各方面的难题。我们都知道，托福阅读题量大，时间紧迫，所以说事先掌握的背景知识有利于自己做题的速度和效率。遇到难句难文也有理据去猜测一下。下面就由北京新航道的小编为大家奉上精心整理的一些有助于阅读的背景知识。

　　Jazz

　　Jazz is one of the greatest forms of music originating in the US. The names of its stars, who are mostly *African Americans, are known around the world. Most people have heard of stars like Ella *Fitzgerald, ‘Count‘ *Basie, ‘Duke‘ *Ellington and Louis *Armstrong. Wynton *Marsalis, who plays in the traditional style, is the best-known jazz musician today.

　　Jazz was begun in the *South by African Americans. Many of its rhythms came from the work songs and spirituals (= religious songs) of black slaves. New Orleans street bands first made jazz popular. Early forms of jazz created at the beginning of the 20th century were *ragtime and the *blues. Ragtime musicians included the singer ‘Jelly Roll‘ *Morton and the composer and piano player Scott *Joplin. Famous blues singers included Bessie *Smith and later Billie *Holiday. *Dixieland developed from ragtime and the blues and made a feature of improvisation (= making up the music as it isbeing played), especially on the trumpet and saxophone. Dixieland stars included Louis Armstrong and Sidney Bechet.

　　In the 1920s many African Americans moved north, taking jazz with them, and *Chicago and New York became centres for the music. This was the beginning of the big band era. In the 1930s swing music came into fashion and people danced to jazz. Radio and the new recording industry helped to make it even more popular. 来源：北京新航道托福培训The big bands were led by Basie, Ellington, Woody *Herman, Glenn *Miller and ‘the King of Swing‘, Benny *Goodman. In the 1940s there were new styles such as *bebop, developed by ‘Dizzy‘ *Gillespie, Charlie ‘Bird‘ *Parker and Thelonious *Monk. Freer forms like progressive jazz developed in the 1950s with stars including Stan *Getz and Dave *Brubeck. Cool jazz followed in the 1960s, led by Getz and Miles *Davis. More recent styles have included funky jazz, jazz-rock and hip-hop jazz. Many jazz clubs, like the *Cotton Club, have now closed but others, like Preservation Hall in *New Orleans, and Birdland in *Manhattan, remain.

　　In Britain jazz attracts a small but enthusiastic audience. The height of its popularity was in the 1940s and 1950s, when large crowds gathered to hear big bands. British jazz has always been heavily influenced by US jazz. In the 1960s pop and rock music replaced jazz as the music of the young generation. There are now few jazz bands, although smaller combos (= groups) continue to play a wide range of trad (= traditional), bebop, cool and avant-garde jazz. The most famous British jazz musicians have included Johnny *Dankworth and Cleo *Laine, George Melly, Humphrey *Lyttelton and Courtney *Pine. The home of jazz in Britain is Ronnie *Scott‘s club in London.

　　上面是一些实用的阅读背景知识，希望大家能够看一看，理解一下。在真正的考试过程中极有可能会用到。了解的北京对于做好阅读有很大的帮助。希望各位同学都能够取得理想的成绩。

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