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托福写作常错用的词汇5组

发布时间:2012-10-24 关键词:托福写作常错用的词汇5组

摘要:托福写作常错用的词汇5组

 

  词汇意思相同,但是其实在用法上却是不同的。但是,同学在托福写作中,会把它们用错用反。这要注意了。下面,北京新航道托福小编为您整理托福写作中常见的若容易用错的5组词汇,赶紧去看看吧!

 

  一、compare与contrast的误用

 

  我们先从两者的定义入手来看两者的区别。 Compare的定义为:to examine people or things to see how they are similar or different. Contrast的定义为:to compare two or more things to show the difference between them.由定义不难看出前者侧重于找到两个或多个事物的异同,而后者则侧重于它们的不同。

 

  看个例句:

 

  It is interesting to compare their situations to ours./It is interesting to contrast their situations to ours.

 

  前一句翻译为:对比一下我们的情况与他们的情况会很有趣。

 

  后一句的翻译为:我们的情况与他们的情况有很大的不同,这很有趣。

 

  再看一个引自OXFORD ADBANCED LEARNER’S DICTIONARY的例子:

 

  There is an obvious contrast between the culture of East and West.

 

  The company lost $7 million in contrast to a profit of $6.2 million a year earlier.

 

  When you look at their new system, ours seems very old-fashioned by contrast.

 

  不难发现,Compare翻译为“与。。。相比”而contrast可译为“明显不同的是。。。”,切记这种翻译方式就不会用错彼此了。

 

  二、介词使用错误

 

  1、普通介词的误用

 

  一般表现为固定搭配错误,如常把provide sb with sth用成provide sb sth; be satisfied with用成be satisfied for等等,虽然这样的错误看似无伤大雅,但在考官眼里就是影响顺畅阅读的,当然会影响最终成绩。解决的办法简单而古老:把常见的固定搭配牢记于心,问题自然就解决了。

 

  2、 “to”作为介词的误用

 

  “to”最常见的用法是以动词不定式符号的形式出现的,所以同学们也已经习惯了“to do”的固定搭配。对于一些如walk to me, to the left等介词to表方向等常见用法一般也不会出现错误。但是对于与动词搭配的介词to就会经常犯错:

 

  如:

 

  More and more students have taken to depend on their parents to make decision for them.

 

  这里的‘take to’ means ‘to begin to do sth as a habit’其中‘to’为介词,所以后面只能接名词或相当于名词的词,如动名词。所以黑体处应改为“depending on”。“take to”的另一个常用用法也需要牢记:

 

  He hasn’t taken to his new school. (这里‘take to’ means ‘to start liking sb or sth’)

 

  Prefer A to B中的“to”也是介词,会有prefer doing sth to doing sth/ prefer sth to sth else,“prefer to do sth rather than do sth”中的“to”可是真正的不定式符号。

 

  类似的常用用法请同学们牢记:

 

  Be used to doing

 

  Be accustomed to doing

 

  See to doing

 

  Adapt to doing

 

  Adjust to doing

 

  prefer doing sth. to doing sth.

 

  等等,请注意平时仔细积累。来源:北京新航道托福培训

 

  三、assume及claim使用不够准确

 

  我们知道, think, assume, claim是议论文中常用引出观点的动词。在实际作文中,同学们往往认为几个词的意思是一样的,完全可以代换,所以拿过来就用。甚至还有同学把consider也拿过来与之混用。我们首先还是从定义来看这几个词的不同:

 

  Think: to have opinion or belief about sth.

 

  翻译为“认为”,通常接宾语从句来表达比较确定的观点。

 

  Assume: to think or accept that sth is true but without having proof of it.

 

  翻译为“假设、假定”,是否有事实依据是不确定的。

 

  Claim: to say sth is true although it has not been proved and other people may not believe it.

 

  翻译为“声称”,用这个词往往意味着不赞同紧跟其后的观点,所以很少用作‘I claim that…

 

  Scientist are claiming a breakthrough in the fight against cancer, but in fact, …。

 

  所以‘It is claimed that’通常翻译为“有报道称。。。”。和‘it is reported that ’的区别在于后者翻译为“据报道”,往往代表着作者赞同报告的内容,

 

  Consider: to think about sth carefully, especially in order to make a decision

 

  翻译为“考虑”,一般不用作引出观点,看个例子:

 

  We are considering buying a new car.

 

  所以,千万不要在托福写作的段(观点表达段)就因为用词把握不准而导致对整篇文章的低分印象。

 

  四、表“建议”的词汇后面忘记用虚拟从句

 

  这是摘自学生托福作文中的一个病句:

 

  I suggest he continues his study instead of working after graduation from high school.

 

  因为‘suggest’翻译为“建议”,所以后面的从句应该用虚拟语气,黑体部分应该改为“(should) continue”

 

  所以考生要牢记以下常见表“建议”的词汇,而且要记住这些词接从句时要用虚拟语气:

 

  Recommend, suggest, advise

 

  五、such as与for example的混用

 

  我们知道,在表示举例子的时候,such as与like是完全等同的,如:Wild flowers such as/like orchids and primroses are becoming rare.

 

  但是同学们对于Such as、for example的把握还是不够准确。我们都知道,后者接句子前者接词语表示举例子。于是就有了下面的写法:

 

  There is a similar word in many languages, such as in French and Italian.

 

  这里的such as改为for example为好,因为“in French and Italian”其实是“there is a similar word in French and Italian”的简化,所以要用for example来引出例证。再来看几个类似的例子:

 

  It is possible to combine computer science with other subjects, for example physics.

 

  以上就是托福写作中最常出错的几组词汇。类似这样的词汇还有,大家在托福备考过程中,要多加总结和积累,有效区别这些词汇。天道留学预祝大家取得理想成绩,

 

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