阅读部分

　　1、一种水生昆虫的独特生存方式，母虫产卵，父虫照看

　　2、欧洲早期妇女的社会地位比较低，随着经济(产业)的发展，介入了生产之后，有一定提高

　　3、live performance in theater

　　4、dating ancient art

　　5、deforstation

　　6、恐龙

　　2、听 力 部 分

　　暂缺

　　3、口 语 部 分

　　Task 1

　　Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? To be successful in life, one has to make enemies.

　　Task 2

　　学生提议学校成立nature club/可以开一个公交线路去参加一些户外活动，听力反驳的个观点说学生们可以自己坐公交去，不需要特地开一个公交线路;另一个是出去玩，没有专业指导也学不到什么东西

　　Task 3

　　Refugia，一些物种会随着环境的变化来扩大或缩小他们的领地，从而提高这个物种的生存率。比如说天冷时，动物Tawny Owl会缩到很小的一片区域里面苟活，相对来说比较暖和，食物也相对比较充足的地区。等气候变暖之后，又会重新散布开来。

　　Task 4

　　Solidarity团结在社会中形成的原因：是相似性，大家有着同样的生活方式，比如说农村里面的农民就比较容易团结在一起;第二是互补性，他们需要互相依靠，比如说需要医生治病

　　4、写作部分

　　综合写作：

　　湿地植物cypress trees的根(knees)有一部分露在地表，作用是?

　　阅读：

　　1. absorb oxygen 吸收氧气;

　　2. 保持树的稳定，使树不被风或水等破坏;

　　3. release methane 排出甲烷。

　　听力反驳：

　　1. 实验发现，把knees放在装满氧气的容器(container)里经过一段时间后，氧气含量(content of oxygen)并没有变化，说明knees根本不是用来吸收氧气的;

　　2. 用来保持树的稳定支撑的根使垂直(vertical)的根，而knees是生长在水平(horizontal)的根上的，所以不具备保持稳定的功能(additional stability);

　　3.甲烷(methane)对植物虽然没有好处但并没有坏处，所以树没必要进化出一种结构专门去释放这种没影响的气体;其次，树根上有许多微生物(tiny organisms)也可以排出甲烷，并不需要knees排出。

　　学术讨论

　　Your professor is teaching a class on sociology. Write a post responding to the professor's question. In your response, you should do the following.

　　Express and support your opinion.

　　Make a contribution to the discussion in your own words.

　　An effective response will contain at least 100 words.

　　Doctor :Recycling and waste management play a significant role in achieving a cleaner planet, but there are more actions individuals can take. Encouraging environmental responsibility is pivotal in fostering a better world. As we discuss the importance of individual contributions to the environment, what additional steps (beyond waste management) do you believe individuals can take to significantly impact the environment positively?

　　Andrew: Refraining from using plastic bags while shopping and boycotting environmentally unfriendly products like disposable plastics saves time and energy by eliminating the need for recycling. This approach allows for more focus on other impactful eco-friendly measures. It not only conserves resources but also encourages the adoption of sustainable alternatives, contributing to a greener and more efficient lifestyle.

　　Claire: Planting trees effectively cleanses the air by absorbing pollutants, promoting cleaner air. Supporting afforestation and reforestation initiatives aids in reducing pollution. These actions offer tangible benefits, purifying the environment. Prioritizing measures to eliminate emitted pollutants directly impacts and improves air quality, showcasing the immediate and crucial role individuals play in environmental conservation.

　　普通人的哪种措施能最有效地保护环境?