1、阅 读 部 分

　　The Geographical Distribution of Gliding Animals滑翔动物

　　Dutch Art and the Middle class 荷兰中场崛起对艺术发展的影响

　　Lenape Horticulture

　　Sensory Ecology感官系统

　　2、听 力 部 分

　　暂缺

　　3、口 语 部 分

　　Task 1 重复旧题

　　When giving a lecture to a small class, some professors prefer to wait until the end of class to answer student questions. Other professors will stop at different points during the lecture to answer questions. Which style do you think is best for learning? Explain why.

　　Task 2

　　心理学毕业生讲座分享 Graduate Student Lecture Series

　　Starting next semester, the psychology department will have a graduate student lecture series, where psychology graduate students give lectures about topics they are researching. The lectures will be open to students, professors, and members of the public. Graduate students who give lectures during the series will benefit by gaining experience with speaking in public and explaining, their research to a general audience. Additionally, undsrgraduate students who attend these lectures will have the opportunity to learn about the kind of work graduate students do, which will help give them a sense of whether they would be interested in pursuing a graduate degree themselves.

　　Task 3

　　全球本土化

　　Many companies advertise and sell their products woridwide. While they may want to promote one consistent image of their products globally, companies also realize that there are significant differences among cultures that affect how people will interpret their advertisements. Thus, it may help companies to use glocal marketing . A company using this approach promotes a global or universal message for its, product, but also shows anawareness of local cultural differences-hence, "glocal" marketing. This is accomplished by creating advertisements that specifically appeal to people in the different places where the product is sold. Though the central message of these advertisements remains the same, certain elements are changed to attract people in different cultures.

　　Explain how the example in the lecture illustrates the concept of glocal marketing

　　Task 4

　　海洋哺乳动物是如何在嘈杂的环境中交流沟通的Using points and examples from the professor's lecture, describe two adaptations of marine mammals that allow them to communicate in noisy environments.

　　4、写作 部 分

　　综合写作 重复2022.10.15/2022.11.16

　　阅读：讨论爱尔兰修建一种towers的用途purpose

　　1. 堡垒作用fort，塔有一种不寻常的结构，它的door要比地面高。

　　2. bell tower，bell tower的发音在古爱尔兰语中的塔发音相似，这个塔是用作house melta bell。

　　3. watch tower，用来观察周边敌人和过路人。

　　lreland is home to many stone structures called "lrish round towers," which were probably built around 1000 years ago.These buildings are round, narrow, and from eighteen to forty meters tall. While there is no clear agreement on their purpose, several theories have been suggested.

　　Forts

　　One possibility is that the towers were built as forts toprotect against foreign invaders such as the Vikings of Scandinavia. Local peoole could hide themselves and their valuables inside the towers and wait for an attack to end. This theory is supported by the fact that the doors are located in an unusual place. instead of being placed at ground level, the doors are located several meters above the ground. Local people would have been able to enter a tower only by climbing a ladder that could then be pulled up into the tower. This unusual design would have allowed them to keep invaders out in the event of an attack.

　　Bell Towers

　　Another possibility is that the towers once housed metal bells that could be rung loudly to send messages to the local population. At that time, many European towns had bell towers, which were used for communication,so it is possible that the round towers served the same purpose.ln fact, in the lrish language, the traditional name for the towers sounds exactly like an lrish word that literally means "bel house" This strongly suggests that the round towersindeed functioned as bell towers.

　　Watchtowers

　　A third possibility is that the towers functioned as watchtowers. Historians have pointed out that watchtowers were usualy high structures bult to allow foobservations of the surounding areas. Since allrish round towers are tal buildings, it is possible that they were bult to povde s high plce from whichguards or watchmen could see enemies, local inhabitants, or visitors approaching from afar.

　　听力反驳：

　　1. towers的这种结构是必要的，因为一般的塔为了稳固都需要地基，但是这个towers没有地下部分所以要放很多石头和沙粒稳固。

　　2. bell tower的发音在古爱尔兰语中与stone tower也相似，也没人知道最初的发音是什么。并且也没有证据证明这个塔里有钟。

　　3. 这个塔的窗户少看不到什么同时有山挡住了，观察周边敌人和过路人可以用其他的方式。

　　学术讨论 重复2024.8.24

　　Question

　　Your professor is teaching a class on sociology.Write a post responding to the professor's question.

　　In your response,you should do the following.

　　-Express and support your opinion.

　　-Make a contribution to the discussion in your own words.

　　An effective response will contain at least 100 words.

　　Dr.Gupta

　　We’ve been talking about the process of starting a new business.One of the most important aspects of the process is staffing-that is,deciding which people to hire.Please discuss the following question:ls it better for new businesses to hire experienced veterans of the industry or to staff the business with younger employees who are right out of university?Why do you think so?

　　Claire

　　l think a company should staff a business with the most experienced employees possible.lf you’re starting a new business,you need people around you who know what they are doing and can get the business up to speed fast.Spending time training inexperienced people will slow you down.

　　Paul

　　l understand what Claire is saying,but if you are starting a new business you want people who are particularly enthusiastic and energetic.Who is better than a recent graduate to bring those qualities to the job?You would be guaranteed an ambitious hard worker.

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