易错题解析来啦

　　Question

　　Primitive and Advanced Termite Species (真经6 )

　　More advanced species have a different feeding strategy. The energy source is still cellulose, but it is digested outside the termite's body. Not having to carry around large chambers of slowly fermenting cellulose solution makes these species more nimble and efficient. Foragers bring twigs and leaves back to special areas and chew them. They then transplant bits of fungus growing on other pieces of nearby vegetation onto the gnawed edges, where the fungi break down the cellulose. Fungi is the only kingdom of organisms able to digest cellulose in air, though they need warmth and humidity to do the job efficiently. This is just what the termites provide. Moreover, these social insects carefully tend the fungus-covered vegetation by treating it with antibiotics they secrete to keep bacterial growth to a minimum. (B选项)When it is time for the fungus to reproduce, pieces are carried into the open to complete the life cycle. Some species of fungi are found only in termite mounds of a particular species; without their caretakers, these fungi would die. Needless to say, the termites eat the fungi; neither can live without the other. Reproductive termites even carry a chunk of fungi when they leave on mating flights

　　4.According to paragraph 3, each of the following is true about the fungi found in termite nests EXCEPT:

　　A. The fungi can digest cellulose in the presence of air.

　　B. The fungi secrete antibiotics to keep bacterial growth to a minimum.

　　C. The fungi reproduce in the open with the help of termites.

　　D. The fungi need a warm, humid environment to function effectively.

　　思路解析

　　题目类型：细节题(非事实题)

　　正确选项： B

　　干扰选项：D

　　解题难点： 正误选项都不明显

　　本题是选非题，就是让选内容错或没提的，这道题答案应该是B，但是大部分同学会觉得B不错，跟原文说的是一致的。而错误选项是D，但是大家又觉得D有些信息没提到

　　首先我们分析一下B选项为什么错，又为什么会让大家觉得是对的。

　　B选项：The fungi secrete antibiotics to keep bacterial growth to a minimum.

　　原文出处句：these social insects carefully tend the fungus-covered vegetation by treating it with antibiotics they secrete to keep bacterial growth to a minimum.

　　根据原文和选项中的相同颜色字体的对照，我们不难发现，选项里所有信息，原文句都有，而且几乎没有替换都是原词。所以同学们会下意识觉得这就是完美的一致啊，所以会直接排除该选项。但是我们仔细分析：B选项的主语是：fungi。是fungi去分泌的antibiotics。而原文句的 secrete的主语(发出者)是they，是个代词我们需要还原准代词。

　　原文的意思：这些social insects(会通过用他们所分泌出来的antibiotics)小心的照看fungus-covered这样的植被，大家通过汉语意思来看，这里的“他们”肯定是insects。是insects用自己分泌出来的antibiotics来照看vegetation，才通顺合理。所以B选项就是张冠李戴(偷换主语)了。只不过错的太细了，原文又需要我们还原准确代词，所以识别难度大。

　　其次：我们再来分析一下D选项为什么错，大家又为什么觉得是错的。

　　D选项：真菌在白蚁的帮助下，在开放的区域繁殖.

　　原文分析：

　　Fungi is the only kingdom of organisms able to digest cellulose in air, though they need warmth and humidity to do the job efficiently. This is just what the termites provide. Moreover, these social insects carefully tend the fungus-covered vegetation by treating it with antibiotics they secrete to keep bacterial growth to a minimum. (B选项)When it is time for the fungus to reproduce, pieces are carried into the open to complete the life cycle. Some species of fungi are found only in termite mounds of a particular species; without their caretakers, these fungi would die. Needless to say, the termites eat the fungi; neither can live without the other. Reproductive termites even carry a chunk of fungi when they leave on mating flights

　　在原文中，大家不难找到“在开放的区域繁殖”这个信息。对应蓝色字体。但是大部分同学们会觉得没有“在白蚁的帮助下”。这个信息要想看出来需要结合上下文，当句子之间有关系的时候，有些信息前面已经说过的情况下，后面可以不用再说了。比如上文截出来的部分，首句就已经说 Fungi需要温暖和潮湿。而白蚁就能提供这个。通过这两句我们能确定在讲“白蚁为fungi服务”。接下来moreover，代表并列递进关系，证明接下来要讲白蚁给fungi的第二个服务了。所以即使没说这事儿是白蚁做，也一定是白蚁做的。因为跟上一句并列。

　　如果大家理解不了，那就想这样一个例子：

　　原文：旅游业能促进经济发展。而且文化交流也得以提升了。

　　那么，请问“提升文化交流”是不是旅游业的好处?

　　总结：由于错误错的太细，正确的又经过改写和上下句结合，所以很容易误选D，而排除B

　　能力提升方向：优先对这类题的正误选项体现形式要有既定的了解。这样在检查选项的时候才会更仔细且有真针对性。其次看原文时候一定要注意关系的分析，小到句内词与词之间的关系，比如代词的指代，大到句与句之间的关系，比如并列。阅读一定要做到：字不离句，句不离段，段不离篇。才能应对各类考点的题目。

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