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发布时间:2025-09-18 关键词:托福阅读修辞目的题
摘要:托福阅读易错题解析 | 修辞目的题
托福阅读易错题解读来啦,根据新航道专业阅读教学团队多年教学经验和官方数据挑选题目,并详细整理出学生答题容易踩的坑以及避坑思路。考托人们快快学起来吧!
易错题解析来啦
Question
修辞目的题:TPO50-passage1
Railroads also propelled the growth of small towns along their routes. The Illinois Central Railroad, which had more track than any other railroad in 1855, made money not only from its traffic but also from real estate speculation. Purchasing land for stations along its path, the Illinois Central then laid out towns around the stations. The selection of Manteno, Illinois, as a stop of the Illinois Central, for example, transformed the site from a crossroads without a single house in 1854 into a bustling town of nearly a thousand in 1860, replete with hotels, lumberyards, grain elevators, and gristmills. By the Civil War (1861-1865), few thought of the railroad-linked Midwest as a frontier region or viewed its inhabitants as pioneers.
The author mentions "Manteno, Illinois" in order to
A. give an example of how railroads decided which small towns would be selected for stations
B. illustrate the power of railroads to determine where towns would come into existence
C. explain how some railroads were able to make more money from real estate speculation than from railroad traffic
D. show how people's view of the Midwest as a frontier region had changed by the Civil War
思路解析
题目类型:修辞目的题
干扰选项:A/C、D
干扰类型:无中生有、观点句识别错误
干扰项分析
选项A:无中生有
选项A声称:提到 "Manteno, Illinois" 说明铁路如何选择小镇作为站点。
错误原因:原文仅提及Manteno被"selected as a stop",但未描述如何被选择(如如何筛选、依据何种条件)。并且,例子核心功能是展示铁路对已选定地点的改造能力(determine where towns would come into existence),而非选择机制(decided which small towns would be selected for stations)。
选项C:无中生有
选项C声称:提到 "Manteno, Illinois" 解释某些铁路从房地产投机中赚取比铁路运输更多利润的现象。
错误原因:原文第二句仅说明铁路从两者赚钱("not only from its traffic but also from real estate speculation"),但未比较利润高低(无"more than"结构)。例子中Manteno的发展是房地产盈利的具体表现,而非收益对比的证明。
选项D:观点句识别错误
选项D声称:提到 "Manteno, Illinois" 展示人们如何看待中西部作为边疆地区的观念转变。
错误原因:段落结尾虽提到观念变化,但Manteno的例子直接服务于铁路建镇的能力(核心观点句是"Purchasing land for stations along its path, the Illinois Central then laid out towns around the stations."),而非观念本身。选项混淆了例子直接功能与段落次要信息。
做题策略
1. 原文定位
2. 锁定定位句所证明的观点句
3. 观点句和选项同义替换
正确答案:B
详细正确思路
1. 原文定位
目标句:"The selection of Manteno, Illinois... transformed the site... into a bustling town..."
2. 锁定定位句所证明的观点句
通过目标句中“for example”证明该句是例子句;由于常规句间关系为“观点+例子”,推测前一句是核心观点——"Purchasing land for stations along its path, the Illinois Central then laid out towns around the stations."
观点核心:铁路通过购买站点土地并规划周边城镇,主动创造城镇("laid out towns")。
例子功能:Manteno的转变(从无到有)具体例证了铁路的城镇创造能力。
3. 观点句和选项同义替换
- 选项"determine"(决定)替换观点句中 "laid out"(规划建设)
- 选项"where towns would come into existence"(镇会出现的地方)替换观点句中 "towns around the stations" (站台周围的镇)
题目总结
本题的典型错误揭示了考生在处理修辞目的题时普遍存在的三大宏观思维误区,这些误区远超本题本身,直接影响所有同类题型的正确率:
一、孤立细节,割裂逻辑链
最致命的错误是脱离上下文孤立理解例子。许多学生看到Manteno"被选为站点",就立即联想至"选择标准"(A选项),却完全忽略了这一细节是镶嵌在"铁路购买土地→规划城镇→带动发展"的完整逻辑链中。修辞目的题从来不是考查对细节本身的理解,而是考查细节与观点之间的服务关系。考生必须时刻自问:这个例子为何出现在这里?它直接支持什么观点?
二、过度推理,添加原文不存在的信息
一定要注意常见干扰项设计手法——利用原文词汇包装无中生有的逻辑关系。考生需建立"有一说一"的严谨思维,任何涉及比较级、因果关系或价值判断的内容,必须找到明确的文字依据。
三、核心观点识别不准确,混淆直接目的与间接影响
选项D的错误代表了另一常见误区:将例子与段落中其他信息错误关联。虽然段末确实提到观念转变,但这是铁路发展带来的最终结果,而非Manteno例子存在的直接目的。考生必须明确:例子大多数情况优先服务于最直接的上层观点,而非段落中相隔较远的其他信息。这种逻辑层级关系的把握能力需要通过系统训练来强化。
提升方向
首先学生们要有避免答非干扰的意识。 其次理解审题的重要性,一定要认真,尤其是要注意题干中的限定词,比如时间 地点 adj adv甚至时态等,都有可能是考官的考点设置。然后在阅读过程中要仔细且有阅读目的,阅读之后要思考和检查,是否满足问题。无论是问题具体还是宽泛的题,都在锁定答案句或答案范围,最后,大家可以多总结常问问题,并且总结这些问题在原文一般有哪些标志。
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