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发布时间:2025-08-27 关键词:考研英语作文常见错误
摘要:考研英语作文(包括小作文书信 / 通知和大作文图表 / 图画作文)的失分点往往集中在基础表达、逻辑结构、内容贴合度三大维度。
考研英语作文(包括小作文书信 / 通知和大作文图表 / 图画作文)的失分点往往集中在基础表达、逻辑结构、内容贴合度三大维度,以下是高频错误的详细分类及案例解析,帮助考生规避:
最易丢分的 “低级失误”
语法错误:句子结构混乱
主谓不一致:主语和谓语的人称、数不匹配,尤其在 “名词 + 介词短语” 作主语时易出错。
错误案例:The number of college students choose to study abroad has increased.(“number” 是单数主语,谓语应为 “chooses” 或调整结构为 “The number of...that choose...”)
正确案例:The number of college students who choose to study abroad has increased.
时态 / 语态错误:忽略时间背景导致时态混乱,或被动语态使用不当。
错误案例:In the past decade, China’s economy grow rapidly.(“in the past decade” 需用现在完成时 “has grown”)
错误案例:Many problems have been appeared in the process.(“appear” 是不及物动词,无被动语态,应改为 “have appeared”)
句子碎片 / 粘连句:两个完整句子直接用逗号连接(粘连句),或缺少谓语导致句子不完整(碎片)。
错误案例:More and more people pay attention to environmental protection, it is very important.(粘连句,需加连词 “which” 或分号:...protection, which is very important.)
错误案例:Young people who want to achieve success in career.(碎片句,缺少谓语,应补充 “must work hard”:Young people who want to...must work hard.)
结构逻辑错误,阅卷老师抓不住重点
1. 小作文(书信 / 通知):格式 + 目的混乱
格式错误:书信缺少 “称呼顶格”“落款右对齐”,通知缺少 “标题居中”“落款单位 + 日期”。
错误案例:(书信开头)Dear Professor, I am writing to...(未顶格,正确:Dear Professor,(顶格)\n\nI am writing to...)
错误案例:(通知结尾)Thank you.(缺少落款,正确:\n\nStudent Union(单位,右对齐)\nJune 15, 2024(日期,右对齐))
目的模糊 / 信息不全:书信未明确 “为什么写”,通知遗漏 “时间、地点、参与人员”。
错误案例:(邀请信)I want to invite you to give a lecture.(未说 “讲座主题、时间”,应补充:I want to invite you to give a lecture on “English Writing Skills” at our school hall on June 20.)
2. 大作文(图表 / 图画):“三段论” 失衡,逻辑断层
大作文需遵循 “描述现象→分析原因 / 意义→总结建议” 的三段论,常见错误,:
段:描述不客观,加入主观评价:图表 / 图画描述需 “只说事实,不评好坏”,但很多考生直接分析。
错误案例:(图画:学生沉迷手机)The students are playing phones in class, which is very bad.(“very bad” 是主观评价,正确:The picture shows that several students are playing mobile phones in class while the teacher is giving a lesson.)
第二段:原因 / 分析 “空泛无细节”,无逻辑连接:只说 “原因有很多”,不具体;或句子间无连接词,逻辑断裂。
错误案例:People like online shopping. It is convenient. They can buy things at home.(无连接词,逻辑散,正确:People prefer online shopping mainly because of its convenience. For example, they can purchase various products at home without going out, which saves a lot of time.)
第三段:总结 “喊口号”,无实际建议:结尾只说 “我们要努力”,不落地。
错误案例:We should solve the problem of pollution. Let’s work hard!(空泛,正确:To address environmental pollution, the government should strengthen law enforcement, while individuals can reduce the use of plastic products in daily life.)
规避错误的核心建议
基础优先:考前集中整理 “高频语法错误”“固定搭配表”,每天花 10 分钟默写,避免低级失误;
结构训练:小作文牢记 “格式模板 + 信息完整”,大作文练习 “三段论框架”,每段用 “主题句 + 1-2 个细节 / 案例” 展开;
审题扣题:大作文先花 3 分钟分析 “图画象征义 / 图表核心数据”,确定主题后再动笔;
考前模拟:完整写 10-15 篇作文(小作文 5-8 种类型,大作文 5-7 个话题),写完后对照范文修正错误,形成自己的 “纠错本”。
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