新航道教育展：汇佳学校Antonio Flores专访丨我们该如何应对未知和多变的未来?

      由新航道北京学校主办的新航道第43届春季国际高中择校暨海外院校教育展，于2019年3月23日(周六)在北京泰富酒店隆重举办。我们请来了30余所国际高中和70余所海外院校前来参展。关于国际学校、国际教育他们各自有着独到的见解值得倾听!

　　现场，不仅有精彩的演讲让我们获得了宝贵的经验和知识，更有精彩的采访让我们收获了满满的干货。

　　采访嘉宾：Antonio Flores【汇佳学校课程开发与培训总监】【视频链接】

　　Q：What makes a school and teachers to be “future-ready” and how does that reflect on the students?

　　怎样成为未来型学校和教师?这对学生有何影响?

　　Exactly. This is a very interesting question because, definitely you have a student that goes into grade one for example or into kindergarten, and they need to have six years in elementary school, three years in middle school, three more years in high school. So, it’s a total of 12 years, so can we imagine that what this student learns in Grade One, after 12 years will that be valid? Right, with the advance of technology, with the advance of society, with new situations arriving, every student that starts today in Grade One, or even in Grade Seven, starting in middle school, we need to consider these students will be facing a different world than the world that we live in.

　　这是一个有趣的问题。打个比方，一名学生上一年级，或者上幼儿园，接下来有小学六年，初中三年，高中三年多，一共十二年。想象一下，一名学生在小学一年级学到的东西，十二年之后是不是还有用?对吧?随着科技不断发展，社会不断进步，我们会面临新的形势。对于今天的每个小学一年级学生，甚至七年级学生，中学学生，我们都需要考虑一个问题，他们将会面临和一个和我们不同的时代。

　　So, they're going to be solving problems that today don't exist. They’re going to be facing situations that today don't exist. They might be starting careers that today don’t exist – so future ready is exactly that. How can we build the skills and knowledge that the students can transfer into new unfamiliar situations, and they can apply to improve the world that we live in. That would be a good yardstick to measure a school. So, every time the we see a program, we need to say, is this program future ready? Can the students transfer their knowledge and their skills into unfamiliar environments? I mean, if the students and the teachers have that quality, then we can say: Congratulations! They are future ready.

　　他们将解决的是咱们今天不存在的问题，他们将面临一些我们今天不会面临的处境，甚至于他们从事的职业在当今时代根本不存在，所以说，这就是所谓的面向未来。我们要学生哪些技能和知识，学生才可以将这些知识和技能运用到未知的新领域，改善我们所处的世界，这才是衡量学校和老师是否面向未来的标准。所以每当我们遇到一个学习项目，我们就要想，这个项目是不是未来型的?学生可否将学到的知识技能应用于新型环境。如果学生和老师具备这种素质，我们就认为他们是未来型师生。

　　Q：How much different the teaching environment would be in a future-ready school? For example, how a classroom in a future-ready school would look like?

　　在未来学校里，教学环境有多大的不同。比如说未来学校的教室会是什么样子?

　　Well, we have explored that question, because in Beijing Huijia Private School, we are designing a new facility, which is dedicated exactly for inquiry-based learning. It’s a futuristic place that we exactly call the “Space of the Future.” In this area, every inch is designed for learning, no matter if you’re in classrooms, or in laboratories, or if you're in the hallways, every area is designed for learning. People can be exchanging, people can be researching something, in every area, let’s say, the walls are made for you to write on them and you can erase things later on. Tables, chairs, every piece of furniture is moveable.

　　我们探讨过这个问题，在北京市私立汇佳学校，我们会设计一种新的教学设施，专为这种探究式学习设计。这是一个面向未来的地方，我们称之为未来空间。在这个教学空间当中，每一寸空间都是为学习而设计。不管你在教室，在实验室，还是在走廊，每个区域都是为学习而设计，学员在这里可以交流思想，可以进行研究。每个地方都可以。墙上可以写字，写完了可以把它擦掉。桌子椅子所有家具都可移动。

　　Teachers and students can change the space in different formats, you can stick things on the walls, you can bring all kind of equipment and attach it to any other thing. If you need to put it on the wall, you put it on the wall. If you need to put it on the table, it’s OK as well. Imagine that your students are sitting on the chairs, and if you have a 45-minute session, you cannot spend five or ten minutes rearranging the table setup: “okay guys, let’s put the tables around here and that chair goes around there, and hey Johnny, could you please move that table… no, no, no, not that far” – of course you cannot waste time like this. So, you need to have strategies where the students easily know, what type of setup we're going to use in class today. We’re going to make, let’s say, a “fishbowl” -- and the students need to understand a what “fishbowl” is. Oh yeah, it’s literally like a fishbowl, where you make an inner circle the middle and then there are people watching the fish from an outside circle.

　　老师和学生可以变换结构。你也可以把东西粘在在墙上，可以带各种器材粘附在墙上，如果需要把它粘在墙上，就粘在墙上，如果需要放在桌上，就可以放在桌上。学生坐在椅子上，一节课九十分钟，四十五分钟，一个小时左右，你不可能花五分钟十分钟的时间跟学生说，我们把桌子放在这个地方，然后把椅子放在这里。强尼，你能不能搬一下桌子?这样上课是不行的。你必须要有一种教学策略，可以让学生轻松跟上，直接跟学生说，我们今天要做什么样形式的课堂。打个比方，今天要做一个玻璃鱼缸，然后学生就需要知道什么是玻璃鱼缸。玻璃鱼缸是长这个样子的。中间有一个圆圈，然后人就围成一圈，可以在外围看里边的鱼。

　　They have to use their creativity, but there needs to be very well-established formulas and strategies that the students identify, practice, and smoothly implement. When the teacher says “now we're going to move into “six format,” or “group four,” the students immediately move their chairs and tables accordingly.

　　学生不仅要发挥他们的创造力，同时我们还需要设计完善的课程和教学策略。这样学生就能懂，能练习，然后我们就可以说，我们将课堂变成六组或四组的形式，然后他们就知道怎么移动他们的桌椅等等。

　　And again, every student should have all kind of devices available, from laptops to tablets, to cell phones, to whatever they need. So, carts with devices, chargers, everything, ready to be used, including good internet connectivity. You cannot waste time going from the classroom to the library. That is one interesting concept that evolved on day one when the architects that designed the “Space of the Future,” came to work in collaboration with teachers and Beijing Huijia founder and chairman, Mister Wang Zhize. They said, let’s design every building like a fruit. The seed is in the center and is feeding the whole structure of the fruit. So, following this metaphor, the seed is going to be the library, but you don't need to go to the seed because everything is connected. Everything's going to be wireless and wherever you are, you can check what is available in the catalogue of the library, and most likely you may be able to check out books on your screen. So, it’s a community of learning. Teachers, students, and parents who are--

　　而且，每个学生都应该有各种电子设备，笔记本电脑，平板电脑，手机等等都要有。这些都供他们使用。卡片也要有电子设备，而且还要充电，有电力供应，还要通网络。不能把时间都浪费在从教室去图书馆的路上。这是我们后来发现的一个有意思的概念。有一次帮我们设计未来空间的建筑师，他们和北京市私立汇佳学校教师及校领导商量，当时他们就说，校园设计就像水果一样，水果的核心是一个果核，果核会给整个水果输送营养，所以水果才那么多汁，才那么鲜嫩。现在图书馆就是果核，你不需要一直走到果核那里去吸收营养，因为果核和整个水果都是连通的。所以说我们学校需要有无线网络，所有的东西都要通过无线网络连接起来，不论在哪里，你都能看图书馆的收藏，并在电子屏幕上浏览，所以说这是一个学习的社区。不仅有教师有学生，甚至还有家长。

　　…visiting, they’re getting involved, they can be there in campus and they can be part of the community of learners, because that’s exactly what a school should be, a place for learning. Everybody can participate in the learning experience and the learning environments that the teachers create or co-create along with the students. We call these environments “learning habitats,” because they are like natural ecosystems where there should be balance, right? But the teacher is going to purposely break the balance.

　　家长可以来学校，也可以参与，他们也可以到校园里来学习，每个人都可以参与到学习的过程。而教师则是在创造学习的环境。一旦你进入这个环境，你就会发现，我们称之为生态系统。比方说，一个生态系统一个学习环境肯定会有平衡，对吧?但是我们的教师就要故意打破这个平衡。

　　Q：Break the balance?

　　打破这个平衡?

　　Yeah, break the balance, so that the students are going to enter the environment and they're going to find out that, look there's something wrong in here, and then that is their task. You need to problem solve, you need to find a solution now, to re-establish that balance. What kind of information do you need? What kind of skills you need to develop, right. So, then they go in to a project, right. There are questions, the teachers are asking them questions and the students are recently making links to knowledge that they have, finding information, connecting to experts, within or outside campus.

　　对，打破平衡，让学生进入学习环境之后发现某个地方出错了，然后这就是他们要完成的任务。学生需要解决问题，需要找到问题的解决方法，重新恢复这种平衡。需要获取什么样的信息，需要培养什么样的技能，所以他们就进入了一个学习项目。项目中有问题，老师会问学生一些问题，这些学生就会将问题和他们所学知识联系到一起，寻找信息，联系校内校外。

　　So, this is the type of environment that will allow students to develop the habits of learning and the habits of mind that people will need in the future. You're going to be in your learning space and it’s going to be impossible that you know everything, no matter how knowledgeable you may be, even in your own field, you're not going to be able to master all the information that is being generated day to day. You need to keep yourself updated, yes, but you need to work in collaboration with other people. You may say: I need an anthropologist now, I need a geneticist, I need a biologist, I need an expert in what and what and what, and then you need to be connected. And when you find the type of experts you want, you will most likely need to communicate in different languages. Communication requirements in the future will be not just bilingual, but probably multilingual. And yes, we could consider the availability of translation devices, but still, we need to improve our communication skills. Language should not be a barrier.

　　所以说这种环境就会让学生培养一种学习习惯，以及面向未来需要的一种思维习惯。进入了学习空间，你不可能什么都懂，不管知识多么渊博，即使在自己擅长的领域，你也不可能掌握了全部信息，每天都有大量新信息出现，你需要不断学习，需要与人协作。比如说，我现在就需要请教一位人类学家，基因学家，生物学家，我需要哪些领域的帮助我，你就需要在这里联系。你发现某位现在有空，还要使用不同语言和这些进行沟通，所以说未来型学习不仅是双语的，可能要会三种语言，而且我们所有设备都可以翻译信息，你将需要和人进行沟通，而语言绝不能成为沟通障碍。

　　Then we will be able to communicate with people all over the world and collaborate and build a better world, through collaboration.

　　然后我们就可以和世界各地的人进行沟通合作，通过协作打造一个的世界。

　　Q：In the future ready school, how do the teachers judge the student's performance? I mean, their grading system? How does that work?

　　在未来型学校，教师如何评价学生的成绩?他们的打分系统又是什么?

　　Let me introduce to you, there is a curriculum, a program, which is one of the most futuristic programs in the world, it’s called the International Baccalaureate, IB.

　　让我向您介绍一下，我们这个是一套课程体系，是世界上最超前的课程体系，它叫IB项目。

　　This system is based on frameworks of concepts, so we called conceptual frameworks. So that all the knowledge and skills and concepts, are well structured in frameworks, right. And then the students demonstrate their mastery of these concepts, knowledge and the skills through performance. Let me tell you one thing, the International Baccalaureate, now this is something that many people may have not realized, but there is more of the Chinese culture inside this very innovative model of education, there's more than what meets the eye. For example, in the International Baccalaureate, we believe that knowledge is a social construction, you need to be in a group to build your knowledge. You can be also isolated, you can be Robinson Crusoe on an isolated island, right, you have to learn to survive right, alone. But that is not the reality for most of us, most of us live in a society, as part of a social group.

　　这个课程体系是基于概念框架，我们称之为概念框架，所有的知识技能和概念都融合在框架之中，而学生通过他们的表现，展示他们是否掌握了这些概念知识和技能。我想讲一点，人没有意识到，在IB项目这种创新教育模式之中竟然包含了中华文化，远远不是大家表面上看到的那样。比如说在IB项目中，我们认为知识是一种社会结构，你必须在群体当中去习得知识。当然你也可以很孤立，也可以像鲁滨逊一样，在一座孤岛上你也可以学会生存，与世隔绝也可以学。但对于大多数人来说，这并不现实，我们大多数人都生存在社会当中，作为社会群体的一份子。

　　I remember that there was a famous Chinese thinker who once said, San Ren Xing, right. There's three people in the world, one could be my teacher. I'm going to learn from that who is very talented, I'm going to learn from the mistakes of the reckless one, then I’m going to improve myself. So, this kind of knowledge implies that there needs to be more than one person for learning to happen. This is a very interesting thing. So, when we talk about the traditional Chinese education, I would like to refer to that type of traditional concept. What are very wise and famous sages, lived not just for the Chinese nation, but for the whole world. So, this had been really contributions that the Chinese culture have brought for the whole world, there are many, many things that Confucius left and that when you read the theories of the International Baccalaureate, they are embedded in there. So, we developed performance assessments.

　　我记得中国有一位思想家曾经说过，三人行，必有我师，择其善者而从之，择其不善者而改之，这样就可以自我。所以这种学习知识的方式告诉我们，学习的过程不能只是一个人，这是很有意思的一点。当我们谈到中国传统文化，我很想提到这种传统的观念，它们都来自智者先贤，不仅仅为中华民族带来了启迪，也启迪了整个世界。所以说这也是中华传统文化为整个世界所做的贡献。当你去读IB项目的一些理论的时候，你就会发现，其中有儒家文化，都蕴含在里面。我们据此开发出了学生成绩评价体系。

　　The students are going to, in groups, collaborate, to demonstrate that they have mastered a conceptual understanding. What is change, what is development, what is contradiction, what is conflict, for example. So, when we say for example, conflict, we say okay so we can analyse through some of the historical processes right, like the revolution, Chinese Revolution, the Mexican Revolution, the French Revolution. Everything starts somewhere, then two opposite things start evolving, beginning to a climax, where the conflict is so big right, and then given the conditions, it comes down. And these are things that Chairman Mao also explained about it, and surprisingly, I'm also an IB student. When I was in high school, I started IB, and let me tell you that we studied Mao Zedong.

　　IB项目的学生需要在群体当中进行协作，展示他们是否掌握理解到了知识点。比如说，什么是变化，什么是发展，什么是矛盾，什么是对立。我们就可以说，打个比方，谈到矛盾的时候，我们可以说，好，我们可以通过一些历史进程进行分析，比如说革命，中国革命，墨西哥革命，法国革命。一切事物都有开端，然后就会出现二者对立，然后达到高潮，矛盾达到顶峰，在条件之下，矛盾又会消解。这些毛主席曾经也解释过。其实我也是一个IB项目学生，我读高中的时候就开始IB项目学习。所以老实说，我们也学习过毛泽东。

　　That's why I tell you, really, there's a big link between the International Baccalaureate and the thinking of the great Chinese people, Confucius, Mao Zedong, they're all in there, they’re all in there, and that's why people like me, for example, we are the way we are. We are knowledgeable, open minded, we possess global mindedness because we were able to get in touch with ideas of great people like these thinkers.

　　所以我跟你说，在IB项目的学习当中，伟大中华民族的思想精髓，儒家思想，毛泽东思想都包含在里面。这就是为什么像我这样学过IB项目的人就能像今天这样，知识渊博，思想开放，具有全球思维，因为我们能够接触到伟大思想家的观念。