陈老师：语法在雅思阅读考试中的重要性及实例

　　【师资简介】北京新航道雅思阅读主讲。英国约克大学对外英语教学专业硕士。热爱英语教学，愿将所学的专业知识融合到雅思阅读课堂中去，让学生在分数的同时也感到英语语言和西方文化的魅力。喜欢和学生沟通，善于发现不同学生的问题，帮助他们在阅读考试中取得更大进步。

　　雅思对于语法的考查看似并不明显，但却融入在听说读写四项当中。作为一名雅思阅读老师，为了避免泛泛而谈，本人主要谈两点语法在雅思阅读当中的重要性。

　　一. 利用语法知识，抓住一些长难句的主干，省略不重要的从句部分。同时，句中的转折词;破折号;冒号后面的信息为重点。例：剑九上第99页选择题31题为：

　　31. Compared with today’s museums, those of the past…

　　A.did not present history in a detailed way.

　　B. were not primarily intened for the public.

　　C. were more clearly organised.

　　D.preserved items with great care.

　　根据题干中的名词museum及表示时间的词past，再根据顺序原则，很容易定位到原文A段第六行：Museum used to look-and some still do- much like storage rooms of objects packed together in showcases: good for scholars who wanted to study the subtle differences in design, but not for the ordinary visitor, to whom it all looked alike.

　　这一句话长达40个单词，要是逐字翻译完是一个很大的工程。但如果我们像刨洋葱一样一层层找出中心句，就会发现：冒号后面部分是重点信息，所以从”good for…”往后看，而but后面内容又是关键，“…in design”前面的内容都可以先不看。“to whom”为非限定性定语从句，可以先忽略。所以我们在这整句话中只需看“but not for the ordinary visitor”这六个单词就可以了。这道题答案为B. were not primarily intended for the public;题目中public 与visitor 对应。

　　二. 在做摘要填空或简答题时，通过已知信息判断答案的词性，排除干扰选项。例如：剑六第42页选词类的摘要填空题：

　　Research carried out by scientists in the United States has shown that the proportion of people over 65 suffering from the most common age-related medical problems is 14……and that the speed of this change is 15……. It also seems that these diseases are affecting people 16……in life than they did in the past. This is largely due to developments in 17 ……, but other factors such as improved 18…… may also be playing a part. Increases in some other illnesses may be due to changes in personal habits and to 19 ……. The research establishes a link between levels of 20…… and life expectancy. It also shows that there has been a considerable reduction in the number of elderly people who are 21 ……, which means that the 22 …… involved in supporting this section of the population may be less than previously predicted.

　　A cost B falling C technology

　　D undernourished E earlier F later

　　G disabled H more I increasing

　　J nutrition K education L constant

　　M medicine N pollution O environment

　　P health Q independent

　　其中19题：利用名词“habits” 可以定位到原文第五段 “An increase in some cancers and bronchitis may reflect changing smoking habits and poorer air quality….” 这句话。在文中

　　与“poorer air quality”同义替换的两个选项为 “N. pollution” 以及 “O. environmental”。实际上，如果考生对于due to(由于)用法相对熟悉，知道 “to”在这里是个介词，介词后面跟名词或动名词时，答案就很容易选“N. pollution”。而environmental是个形容词，在这句话中就不符语法了。

　　因此，语法在阅读中的掌握并不意味着像一些国内考试一样做选择题判断题，而是将语法的知识运用到考试当中去。以上谈的两点只是提供的一些思路，而真正对语法知识运用熟练的考生会在考试中更快的把握文章的整体结构及题目在文中的位置，从而加快整体的阅读速度，保证答案的正确率。