梁霏：语义错误排除法攻克句子简化题

　　上文中笔者给大家列出了三种托福阅读不宜用传统方法解题的情况，为了能解决上述方法的缺陷，做题的准确性，笔者将在本文当中推出另一种思路——语义错误排除法，我从语义入手，为考生归纳句子简化题中四种错误选项的特征，而在正式做题的时候，考生若能准确的识别出这些错误选项，将其一一排除，就不难选出正确答案。

　　错误一：直接相反——原句内容与选项内容直接矛盾对立。

　　例如

　　原文：

　　Inequalities of gender have also existed in pastoralist societies, but they seem to have been softened by the absence of steep hierarchies of wealth in most communities, and also by the requirement that women acquire most of the skills of men, including, often, their military skills.

　　错误项：

　　Despite the fact that wealth is relatively evenly distributed in pastoral societies, gender inequality still exists because only men can acquire military skills and social status.

　　在原文中，女子能够习得军事技能，然而在这个选项里说的只有男子能习得军事技能，故直接矛盾。思路总结：选项与原文内容只要有一处相抵触，则为错误选项。

　　错误二：无中生有——选项中出现原句根本没有提及的信息。

　　原文：

　　Wind velocity also increases with altitude and may cause serious stress for trees, as is made evident by the deformed shapes at high altitudes

　　错误项：

　　As altitude increases, the velocity of winds increase, leading to a serious decrease in the number of trees found at high altitudes.

　　选项中提到 树木的数量减少，但原文中并没有该信息。思路总结：选项中出现原文未提及概念，则为错误项。

　　错误三：遗漏关键内容——遗漏原文的主话题。

　　原文：

　　I n d e e d , s t a b i l i t y o f t h e biological clock's period is one of its major features, even when the organism's environment is subjected to considerable changes in factors, such as temperature, that would be expected to affect biological activity strongly.来源：北京新航道托福培训

　　错误项：

　　Biological act ivi ty is not strongly affected by changes in temperature

　　原文的主题是讲stability of the biological clock's period, 但是在选项中只字未提。

　　思路总结：选项遗漏原文的主题，则为错误项。

　　错误四：偷梁换柱——原文中提到的事物，在选项中皆有，但是互相的关系不一致。或是将修饰某事物的特征，用于修饰句子中另一事物。

　　原文：

　　Sociologists view primary groups as bridges between individuals and the larger society because they transmit, mediate, and interpret a society's cultural patterns and provide the sense of oneness so critical for social solidarity.

　　错误项：

　　Sociologists believe that individuals with a sense of oneness bridge the gap between society and primary groups.

　　在原文与错误项中，皆有primary groups, individuals 和 society 三个概念。但是在原文中是primary groups 连接了individuals 和society, 但是在选项中这三个概念的相互关系发生了变化，成了individuals 连接primary groups 和 society。这样一来就与原文不一致。

　　再例如：

　　原文：

　　Glaciers move slowly across the land with tremendous energy, carving into even the hardest rock formations and thereby reshaping the landscape as they engulf, push, drag, and finally deposit rock debris in places far from its original location.

　　错误项：

　　As a glacier moves, it leaves behind rock formations that have been engulfed, pushed, and dragged by the glacier.

　　虽然原文和选项中皆有rock formation 这一概念，但原文中，rock formation 是冰川切割，刻入的对象，而在选项中则成为了冰川留下的结果。

　　思路总结：选项中概念与原文中概念一致，但概念间关系发生变化的选项为错误项。

　　上面便是所有句子简化题中，考生可能碰到的错误答案的类型。这为大家在托福阅读考试中处理该题时，提供了一个全新的思维角度。只要大家在平时的练习中，多加注意，充分熟悉上面四种考官设置陷阱的思路，那么在真实考试中，攻克该题，就不会仅仅是个美丽的梦想。

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