北京新航道2012年4月20日北美托福机经(补充精华版)

　　北京新航道为大家提供托福培训指导和托福考试资讯及资料分享。参加北京新航道师资钟会芝老师点题班同学们，钟老师和大家一起奋战托福，实现留学梦。下面是钟老师为大家奉上的12年4月20日北美托福机经(补充精华版)。希望同学们认真复习，抓紧时间备考!

　　【温馨提示】12.5.5北美托福机经的作文在一月点题班讲义P73页，其它几个部分未找到合适机经，请同学们自己找下哦。

　　【Reading 】

　　1. 【常见机经】 工业的发展：石油的提炼，还讲了一些原油提炼产生的副产品及价值。

　　【补充精华版】An oil refinery or petroleum refinery is an industrial process plant wherecrude oil is processed and refined into more useful products。Raw or unprocessed crude oil is not generally useful in industrial applications, although "light, sweet" (low viscosity, low sulfur) crude oil has been used directly as a burner fuel for steam vessel propulsion. The lighter elements, however, form explosive vapors in the fuel tanks and are therefore hazardous, especially in warships. Instead, the hundreds of different hydrocarbon molecules in crude oil are separated in a refinery into components which can be used as fuels, lubricants, and as feedstock in petrochemical processes that manufacture such products as plastics, detergents,solvents, elastomers and fibers such as nylon and polyesters.

　　2.关于水资源在农业上的应用，以一个古国为例，主要是说过渡灌溉造成的盐碱化内容较多。以前耕种的灌溉方式，增加管道加宽了灌溉的面积，可是也因此容易造成水灾。隨着人口增加田地不足，因此朝着高地开发。由于高地灌溉困难，最后好像是某种植物增加土壤表面含水量以此来保持土壤水分。

　　词汇题答案：

　　1. Brew=develop

　　2. Severity=seriousness

　　3. .cushioned=protect

　　4.rudimentary=primitive

　　3. 【常见机经】恐龙灭亡恐龍減亡

　　大灭绝，65亿年前的陨石撞击地球造成地球上75%生物死亡。然后说陨石撞击造成遮住了阳光造成地球温度下降，最后提到25%如何声讯之类的。

　　【补充精华版】This occurred approximately 65.5 million years ago at the end of theMaastrichtian age of the Cretaceous period. It was a large-scale mass extinction of animal and plant species, most notably dinosaurs, in a geologically short period of time.

　　Numerous groups of organisms became extinct during the K–Pg extinction event, most notably the non-avian dinosaurs. Non-avian dinosaur fossils are found only below the K–T boundary, indicating that they became extinct during the boundary event.A very small number of dinosaur fossils have been found above the K–T boundary, but they have been explained as reworked fossils, that is, fossils that have been eroded from their original locations then preserved in later sedimentarylayers.Mosasaurs, plesiosaurs, pterosaurs and many species of plants and invertebrates also became extinct. Mammalian clades passed through the boundary with few extinctions, evolving and thriving well past the event. Rates of extinction and evolutionary radiation varied across different clades of organisms.

　　Such an impact would have inhibited photosynthesis by generating a dust cloud that blocked sunlight for a year or less, and by injecting sulfuric acid aerosols into the stratosphere, which would have reduced sunlight reaching the Earth's surface by 10–20%. It would take at least ten years for those aerosols to dissipate, which would account for the extinction of plants and phytoplankton, and of organisms dependent on them (including predatory animals as well as herbivores). Small creatures whose food chains were based on detritus would have a reasonable chance of survival.[62][73] The consequences of reentry of ejecta into Earth's atmosphere would include a brief (hours long) but intense pulse of infrared radiation, killing exposed organisms.Global firestormsmay have resulted from the heat pulse and the fall back to Earth of incendiary fragments from the blast. The high O2 levels during the late Cretaceous would have supported intense combustion. The level of atmospheric O2 plummeted in the early Tertiary Period. If widespread fires occurred, they would have increased the CO2 content of the atmosphere and caused a temporarygreenhouse effect once the dust cloud settled, and this would have exterminated the most vulnerable organisms that survived the period immediately after the impact.

　　accumulate = build up

　　subsequence = later

　　coincide = happen at the same time

　　catastrophe(n. 大灾难)

　　【listening 】来源：北京新航道托福培训

　　1. 有个生物学生被老师请进办公室，这个老师想邀请他做tutor ，去辅导学生写英语作文，这个学生说了理由不想去。最后还是决定去。

　　2. 女生想去看一个opera ,但是她没有参加这个班的课，然后问老师她能不能跟着去，因为她上学期上过这个老师的课。老师说不能，因为他带的这个观影团名额满了，没有多余的票。建议叫她去看看电影院有没有做志愿者的工作，这样就可以免费去看show 了。

　　3.两种方式怎样把能量转化为光能，有物理和化学方法两种。

　　4.lizard 掉尾巴的研究。

　　5.geology.

　　6.psycholgy .两组baby 的实验，对音乐的反应。

　　【speaking】

　　TASK1.

　　如果学校得到一大笔投资，打算改建图书馆，健身房，科学实验室。你建议学校选哪一个。Why ?

　　TASK2.

　　你觉得学生应该focus on study或应该在求学期间part –time job .

　　TASK3.

　　【通知】医学院安排假期internship 的通知，要让医学院学生有机会做3个月的实习。

　　【1观点】女生同意。

　　【2理由】【1】可以让学生知道自己专业是否有办法handle .

　　【2】学校课业很重，每天都读到很晚，3个月的实习不用每天focus在学校课业。

　　TASK4 :

　　【讲座主题】说明sociology 中的diversion 的技术。

　　【相关例子】professor 讲了个例子。电视节目上有两个人讨论关于政府投资建公园的事情。一个人反对花钱建公园。另一个人只是说公园多好多好，举了例子，目的是转移观众的注意力。因为钱是大家敏感的。这就是diversion的好处。

　　TASK5

　　【1个问题】：某男生牙痛。

　　【2个方案】：【1】明天去医院看医生，但他有一门课好差，已经约了几个人去复习，有time –conflict.

　　【2】那医院的人说他要是紧急的话，可以去另一个30分钟车程的牙医诊所，但他不知道路。

　　TASK6

　　【讲座主题】

　　两种处理工厂carbon dioxide 的方式。

　　【相关例子】一种是in factory , 讲了一个process ; 另一种是out of factory ,就是在厂子周围种树。

　　【wring】

　　综合写作：

　　阅读说一个人找到照片的底片negative .然后说有3 个原因推断它属于某个摄影师。

　　听力中professor按顺序一一驳斥。最后一个原因是讲有chemical 和火烧痕迹。

　　独立写作：

　　Contributes on an enjoyable vacation, please select one of three selection. Good food, Good location and with good friends to travel.