2020年8月9日雅思大作文题目：犯罪是天性使然吗?

　　Many scientists believe that now we can study the behavior of a three-year-old child to see whether they will grow up to be criminals. To what extent do you think the human nature produces crimes? And how can we prevent children from growing up to be criminals?

　　解析&审题

　　题材：犯罪

　　题型：混合题型

　　关键词：human nature + crime + children

　　需要讨论的观点：犯罪是天性使然吗?如何阻止孩子长大后犯罪?

　　建议思路：双边讨论+解决办法

　　复现情况：与2014年11月8日部分重复

　　关于 “crime”(犯罪)的雅思写作真题：

　　1. Some think most crime is the result of circumstances e.g. poverty and other social problems. Other believe that most crime is caused by people who are bad by nature. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. (2014/11/8)犯罪是由贫穷还是天性引起?

　　2. Young people who commit serious crimes, such as a robbery or a violent attack should be punished in the same way as adults. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (2015/4/25)青少年犯重罪是否应该与成年人同等惩罚?

　　3. The government should control the amount of violence in films and on television in order to decrease the level of violent crime in society. To what extent do you agree or disagree?(2017/5/20)减少影视暴力能降低社会犯罪率吗?

　　4. In many countries, prison is the most common solution to the problem of crime. However, another effective way is to provide people with higher education so that they can not become criminals. To what extent do you agree or disagree?(2018/3/3)解决犯罪的办法是监狱还是教育?

　　5. The only way to solve the increasing crime rate of young offenders is to teach parents better parenting skills. Do you agree or disagree? (2019/10/10)降低青少年犯罪的办法是父母教育孩子的技巧吗?

　　人类天性是什么?这个问题从来就没有什么标准答案，也不会有标准答案。在中国文化中，有孟子的“性本善”和韩非子的“性本恶”两类观点，西方世界受基督教的影响，多相信人一出生就带有“原罪”(original sin)。本题问：你在何种程度上同意人的天性会让人犯罪(produce crimes)?对于这个问题，我们可以一分为二地思考：人类天性中的确有不好的因素，比如贪婪、嫉妒(这些因素在很小的孩子身上都能看到)，这些东西不加控制，的确会造成犯罪。但这并意味着所有人长大后都会变成罪犯，因为不好的天性是可以通过教育来加以控制的。

　　沿着这个思路，我们就可以回答题目中的第二个问题了：让孩子明白犯罪的后果，给孩子营造安全和谐的家庭和社会环境，控制人性中的恶的一面，发扬人性中的善的一面，这样，就可以避免孩子长大后犯罪了。

　　范文

　　Many people link crimes to bad human nature. They believe that, by observing the behavior of a three-year-old child, they can accurately predict whether the child will grow up to be a criminal. But I think this idea is rather too simplistic.

　　It is indeed true that there are some bad elements in human nature which manifest themselves in small children’s behaviour and later may lead to crimes when they grow up. Many children, for instance, are aggressive because they are always trying to get more from their parents or other people around them. If they are not satisfied, they may attack others verbally or even physically. Such is human nature that we always ask for more than is necessary for us, which, if not brought well under control, will make us greedy and eventually lead us all the way to prison.

　　The reality, however, is that even so, most children have become law-abiding citizens when they grow up. This is because, while bad human nature does have a role to play in making a person anti-social, there are many other equally important factors which will make him think twice before committing crimes. Those who are educated enough to tell right from wrong, and those who are wealthy enough or enjoy a social status high enough are least likely to become criminals.

　　In order to prevent children from getting involved in criminal acts, therefore, we first need to provide them with opportunities to receive a good education, then they will learn to check their unwanted desires or to realize their ambitions through legal means. Besides, if they lived in a peaceful and friendly environment, small children would learn how to love others, which will greatly reduce the likelihood of their becoming criminals as they move into adulthood.

　　老师笔记

　　01、Many people link crimes to bad human nature. They believe that, by observing the behavior of a three-year-old child, they can accurately predict whether the child will grow up to be a criminal. But I think this idea is rather too simplistic.

　　许多人把犯罪与糟糕的人性联系起来。他们认为，通过观察一个三岁的孩子的行为，就可以准确地预测孩子长大后是否会成为罪犯。但我认为这个想法有点过于简单化了。

　　解析

　　(1)本段开门见山，通过改写题目中的表达方式来重述题目，然后给出自己的观点。

　　(2)Link A to B 把A和B联系起来

　　(3)Accurately 准确地

　　(4)Simplistic 简单化的

　　02、It is indeed true that there are some bad elements in human nature whichmanifest themselves in small children’s behaviour and later may lead to crimes when they grow up. Many children, for instance, are aggressive because they are always trying to get more from their parents or other people around them. If they are not satisfied, they may attack others verbally or even physically. Such is human nature that we always ask for more than is necessary for us, which, if not brought well under control, will make us greedy andeventually lead us all the way to prison.

　　的确，人性中有一些不良因素，这些不良因素表现在小孩子的行为中，并在后来可能可能导致他们长大后犯罪。例如，许多孩子具有攻击性，因为他们总是试图从父母或周围的其他人那里得到。如果他们没有得到满足，就可能会语言上甚至身体上攻击别人。这就是人类的天性，我们总是想得到比自己需要的，如果不能地控制，这个天性会让我们变得贪婪，最终把我们带到监狱。

　　解析

　　(1)本段先承认：人类有些天性会导致我们犯罪。

　　(2)Manifest 显现;显示

　　(3)Aggressive 有攻击性的

　　(4)Verbally 语言上地

　　(5)Such is human nature that... ......是人类天性

　　(6)Bring...under control 将......控制好

　　(7)Eventually 最终

　　03、The reality, however, is that even so, most children have become law-abiding citizens when they grow up. This is because, while bad human nature does have a role to play in making a person anti-social, there are many other equally important factors which will make him think twice before committing crimes. Those who are educated enough to tell right from wrong, and those who are wealthy enough or enjoy a social status high enough are least likely to become criminals.

　　然而，即使如此，现实却是大多数儿童长大后都成为了守法公民。这是因为，虽然坏的人性确实可以让一个人变得反社会，但还有许多其他同样重要的因素会使他在犯罪前三思而后行。那些受过足够教育能分辨是非的人，那些足够富有的人，那些享有足够高社会地位的人，没有什么可能成为罪犯。

　　解析

　　(1) 本段转折过来：讨论人性并不导致人们犯罪，因为还有其他因素让人们不犯罪。

　　(2) Law-abiding citizens 守法的公民

　　(3) Anti-social 反社会的

　　(4) Think twice 三思，谨慎

　　(5) Be least likely to do... 不太可能做......

　　04、In order to prevent children from getting involved in criminal acts when they grow up, therefore, we first need to provide them with opportunities to receive a good education, then they will learn to check their unwanted desires or to realize their ambitions through legal means. Besides, if they lived in a peaceful and friendly environment, small children would learn how to love others, which will greatly reduce the likelihood of their becoming criminals as they move into adulthood.

　　因此，为了防止儿童长大后卷入犯罪行为，我们首先要给他们提供接受良好教育的机会，这样他们能学会抑制自己不必要的欲望，或者学会通过合法手段实现自己的志向。此外，如果小孩子们生活在一个和平友好的环境中，他们就能学会如何去爱别人，这将大大降低他们进入成年后成为罪犯的可能性。

　　解析

　　(1)本段提出方法：给孩子提供教育机会;给孩子营造友好和平的环境。注意，这里的两条建议是用两种不同句式表达的。

　　(2)Get involved in... 卷入......

　　(3)Provide sb. with... 给......提供......

　　(4)Check 控制;抑制

　　(5)Reduce the likelihood of... 降低......的可能性

　　(6)Move into adulthood 进入成年