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发布时间:2026-05-09 关键词:新托福学术讨论范文
摘要:新托福ETS样题第2题学术讨论范文

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Question
Your professor is teaching a class on psychology. Write a post responding to the professor’s question.
In your response, you should do the following.
• Express and support your opinion.
• Make a contribution to the discussion in your own words.
An effective response will contain at least 100 words.
Dr. Achebe
Today we’ll discuss the effects of exercise on mental health. Clearly, regular physical activity can improve mood and reduce stress. On the other hand, some people believe that mental health is primarily influenced by other factors such as genetics and the environment. Which do you believe plays a larger role in mental health? Why?
Claire
I think regular exercise has a significant positive impact on mental health. It can reduce stress, improve mood, and increase overall well-being by releasing endorphins and promoting a healthy lifestyle.
Andrew
I believe that while exercise is important, other factors like genetics and environment play a larger role in mental health. A supportive environment and good mental health practices are crucial for overall well-being.
范文正文
In my opinion, engaging in a regular physical exercise routine is important for improving people’s mental health. In modern society, many individuals lead hectic lives and are constantly exposed to considerable pressure, which can easily result in mental health issues such as anxiety or depression.【非限制性定语从句】Participating in physical activities, by contrast, can help relieve stress and promote a more positive mental state. For example, when an office worker is overwhelmed by a heavy workload and strict deadlines imposed by his supervisor, he may feel compelled to work overtime, which can take a toll on his mental well-being. In such a situation, if he manages to set aside some time to play soccer with friends, he can temporarily distance himself from work-related concerns and fully immerse himself in the game. At the same time, working up a sweat during a workout and interacting with friends can further help him unwind, feel emotionally supported, and regain a sense of balance.【并列动名词短语】While Andrew’s idea is valid to some extent, he did not mention that a supportive environment can often be created through regular physical activities, especially team-based sports.【让步状语从句+宾语从句】Therefore, regular exercise plays a crucial role in enhancing overall mental health.
写作思路和特色
这道题是2026年新托福学术讨论写作ETS样题第2题。在这一道表明立场题目中,教授询问:定期运动与遗传、环境等其他因素相比,哪一方面对心理健康的影响更大?Claire认为,定期运动通过释放内啡肽并促进健康的生活方式,对心理健康具有显著的积极作用;而Andrew则认为,遗传和环境等因素对整体幸福感至关重要,因此在心理健康中起着更为关键的作用。
这篇文章采用了“个人观点+因果论证+举例论证+让步反驳+总结”的写作结构,围绕定期参加体育锻炼对心理健康的重要性展开论述。文章开篇先明确表达立场,指出在现代社会中,人们生活节奏快、压力大,容易产生焦虑、抑郁等心理问题;随后,文章通过对比,引出运动作为一种有效缓解压力、改善情绪的手段。接着,文章通过一个具体情境展开论证:以一位因工作负担和截止日期压力而身心疲惫的办公室职员为例,说明其心理状态的恶化过程,并进一步说明如果他抽出时间与朋友踢足球,不仅能够暂时摆脱工作压力,还能通过运动出汗和社交互动获得情绪释放、情感支持与心理平衡,从而具体化运动改善心理健康的机制。在此基础上,文章回应Andrew观点并承认其部分合理性,但指出对方忽视了一个关键点,即充满关怀与支持的环境是可以通过运动,尤其是团队运动来建立的。最后,文章再次强化结论,强调定期运动在提升整体心理健康中的核心作用。
整体来看,文章结构清晰,采用“观点—背景—举例—回应反方—总结”的经典论证路径。语言方面表达较为自然流畅,动词使用具体(如relieve, immerse, unwind等),有助于增强画面感与说服力;论证逻辑层层递进,从抽象概念过渡到具体例子,再上升到观点反驳、补充与总结,完整且有说服力。
用词用语整理
【非限制性定语从句】
“In modern society, many individuals lead hectic lives and are constantly exposed to considerable pressure, which can easily result in mental health issues such as anxiety or depression.”
这句话通过概括现代社会人们普遍面临的高压力生活状态,并指出其可能引发焦虑、抑郁等心理问题,为后文提出“运动有助于改善心理健康”的观点提供了现实背景和问题铺垫,从而强化文章论证的必要性。其中,非限制性定语从句用来对前面整个主句所描述的社会压力进行补充说明和结果解释,使句子的逻辑更加完整,也让“压力→心理问题”的因果关系表达得更加清晰。
【并列动名词短语】
“At the same time, working up a sweat during a workout and interacting with friends can further help him unwind, feel emotionally supported, and regain a sense of balance.”
这句话通过进一步说明运动过程中出汗与朋友互动所带来的情绪放松、情感支持和心理平衡,具体补充并深化了“运动能够改善心理健康”的作用机制,使前文的观点论证更加充分和具体。其中,“working up a sweat during a workout”和“interacting with friends”是两个并列的动名词短语,它们共同充当句子的主语,不仅在语法上保持对称,也在意义上形成互补关系,从身体层面的放松与社交层面的支持两个角度解释了为什么运动能够帮助人缓解压力、恢复心理健康,从而使句子的表达更加清晰和完整。
【让步状语从句+宾语从句】
routine(日常惯例,固定活动):词类活用,routine既可以作形容词表示例行的、常规的,也可以像文章中的用法一样作名词,指日常惯例、固定的做事方式或一系列经常重复的活动,通常强调事情按照某种固定顺序或规律反复进行。在文章中强调了长期、规律的习惯性锻炼能够稳定而持续地促进心理健康。
例句:
The doctor performed a routine medical check on the patient.(routine作形容词)
医生给病人做了一次例行体检。
“While Andrew’s idea is valid to some extent, he did not mention that a supportive environment can often be created through regular physical activities, especially team-based sports.”
这句话通过先部分承认Andrew观点的合理性,再指出其忽视了运动(尤其是团队运动)能够营造充满关怀与支持的环境这一关键因素,从而实现对反方观点的回应与补充,进一步强化文章支持运动有益心理健康的立场。其中,让步状语从句用于先承认对方观点的部分合理性,宾语从句则具体说明其忽略的重要信息,通过先让步、再指出对方论证的不足,使反驳显得更加自然且具有说服力。
【分词短语】
relieve(缓解,减轻):通常用于描述压力、疼痛、紧张情绪、负担等被减弱,让某种不舒服、不愉快或沉重的状态“变轻”。在文章中具体说明运动对压力的缓解作用,从而直接支撑文章关于体育活动能够改善心理状态这一核心论点。
例句:
Drinking warm tea with honey may help relieve a sore throat.
喝一些加蜂蜜的热茶可能有助于缓解喉咙疼痛。
state(状况,状态):熟词僻义,state表示状态时,指某人或某事物在某一时间点所处的情况、状况或条件。它既可以描述身体状态、心理状态,也可以描述事物的运行状况。在文章中概括描述了人的心理状况,使positive mental state这一表达更为整体和抽象,从而提升因果论述的概括性,并为后续的举例论证做好铺垫。
例句:
Students often perform better on exams when they are in a relaxed mental state.
当学生处于放松的心理状态时,他们在考试中的表现通常会更好。
imposed(施加的):imposed是动词impose的过去式或过去分词,常见意思是强加、施加、规定某种规则、责任或限制。在文章中(过去分词的用法)强调了工作截止日期是由上级施加给员工的外部压力,从而突出压力的来源,进一步强化文章关于现代人心理负担沉重的背景铺垫。
例句:
The city government imposed a strict parking rule to reduce traffic congestion in the downtown area.
市政府实施了一项严格的停车规定,以减少市中心的交通拥堵。
compelled(不得不,被迫的):compel表示迫使、强迫某人做某事,通常指由于外部压力、规则、责任或情境而不得不采取某种行动。在文章中强调了在工作压力和截止日期的影响下,人物不得不被迫加班的实际状态,从而强化外部压力对个人心理负担的影响。
例句:
Because of the approaching deadline, the research team was compelled to work late into the night.
由于截止日期临近,这个研究团队不得不工作到深夜。
take a toll on(对……产生不良影响,对……造成损害):指某件事情对某人或某事产生长期、持续的负面影响,通常表现为消耗、损害或削弱(健康、精力、情绪、时间、资源等)。在文章中形象地表达了长期工作压力对个人心理健康造成的持续性负面影响,从而强化文章对压力危害的具体描写。
例句:
Constant noise from construction sites can take a toll on people who live nearby.
持续的施工噪音会对附近居民造成负面影响。
manages to(设法做到某事,好不容易做到某事):常见的动词短语,通常用来表示在存在困难、限制或不利条件的情况下,最终成功做成某件事。语气中往往暗含“费了一些努力才做到”的意味,过程可能不容易。在文章中用来强调人物在繁忙和压力之中仍然设法抽出时间去运动,从而突出运动行为在现实生活中的难得与积极意义。
例句:
Despite the heavy rain and terrible traffic, she managed to arrive at the meeting on time.
尽管下着大雨而且交通很糟糕,她还是设法准时赶到了会议。
distance...from...(使……远离……,与……保持距离):词类活用,distance原本是一个名词,意思是距离。但在distance A from B这个结构中,distance被活用为动词,表示使A与B保持距离、使A远离B、把A与B区分开来。在文章中具体表达了通过运动暂时远离工作压力与烦恼的过程,从而说明运动如何在心理层面帮助人摆脱压力、获得放松。
例句:
After realizing that the online group often spreads misleading information, the student decides to distance himself from those discussions.
当意识到那个网络群体经常传播误导性信息后,这名学生决定与那些讨论保持距离,不再参与其中。
working up a sweat(出一身汗,大汗淋漓):常见的英语表达,字面意思是运动到出汗,引申为通过体力活动或运动让身体开始出汗,常用来表示进行了比较投入或有强度的运动。通常出现在以下结构中:work up a sweat (doing something),比如work up a sweat running;work up a sweat at/in something比如work up a sweat at the gym。在文章中生动地描绘了运动时的身体投入状态,从而具体体现运动带来的身体上的释放,并进一步支撑其有助于缓解压力和改善心理状态的论证。
例句:
After sitting in front of the computer all day, she decides to go for a quick run in the park and soon works up a sweat.
在电脑前坐了一整天之后,她决定去公园跑一会儿步,很快就运动得满头是汗。
a sense of balance(平衡感,均衡感):指的是一种平衡感或均衡感。根据语境不同,既可以表示字面含义即身体的平衡能力,也可以表示引申含义即生活或事务中的均衡状态,指能够在不同事情之间保持合理分配,比如工作与生活、学习与休息之间的协调。在文章中用来概括运动帮助人恢复情绪稳定和生活节奏协调的心理状态,从而进一步强化运动对整体心理健康的积极作用。
例句:
Students should try to maintain a sense of balance between studying and relaxing, so that they do not become overly stressed during the semester.
学生应该努力在学习和放松之间保持一种平衡感,这样在学期中就不会承受过大的压力。
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