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Question

Your professor is teaching a class on history. Write a post responding to the professor’s question. In your response, you should do the following:

-Express and support your opinion.

-Make a contribution to the discussion in your own words

An effective response will contain at least 100 words.

Dr. Diaz

We've been discussing the impact of major historical figures on their respective societies. Some historians argue that individuals like political leaders or influential thinkers shape the course of history more than broader social and economic forces. Others believe social and economic events are the primary drivers of historical change. What do you think has a greater impact on shaping history: individual actions or broader social and economic forces? Why?

Andrew

I believe individuals and their actions have a greater impact on shaping history. Leaders and influential thinkers can inspire movements, create significant changes, and leave a lasting legacy. Their decisions and actions often alter the course of events in profound ways.

Claire

In my opinion, broader social and economic events are more significant in shaping history. While individuals can influence events, it is the underlying conditions and trends that drive major changes. These forces affect large groups of people and create the context in which individuals operate.

范文正文

I agree with Andrew’s view that historical figures play a pivotal role in shaping history. Although it is reasonable for Claire to claim that social conditions are important,【让步状语从句】 I believe they serve merely as a backdrop. History is full of crossroads where a single decision determines the outcome. Even when faced with the same period and socioeconomic conditions, a mediocre leader may plunge their tribe or country into greater chaos, while a far-sightedgame-changer can turn the tide, lifting people out of the morass and changing the history. For example, during the Great Depression of the 1930s, it was President Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal that swiftly stabilized the economy and provided jobs and relief to those who were suffering, whereas his predecessors failed to achieve the same results. Therefore, while social conditions set the stage, it is individual agency that ultimately writes the script of history.

写作思路和特色

这道题是2026年3月8日的托福学术讨论真题。题目中，教授正在与学生讨论重大历史人物对社会产生的影响。一些历史学家认为，政治领 袖或有影响力的思想家等人物对历史进程的影响更大；另一些人则认为，社会和经济条件是历史变革的主要推动力。教授的问题是：你认为个人行为和社会经济力量哪一方对历史具有更大的影响？Andrew认为个人行为对塑造历史具有更大的影响力。因为领 导者和思想家的决策和行动一般能更深刻地改变历史事件的走向。而Claire认为社会和经济情况在塑造历史方面具有更重要的意义，因为这些力量能影响很多人，并为个人的活动创造了背景。

在本文中，我同意Andrew的观点，即认为历史人物在塑造历史方面发挥着关键作用。本文采用的是“总论点+让步反驳+主体段（解释和举例）+总结”的结构。文章在提出总论点后，先提及Claire的观点，提出虽然正如Claire所说，社会经济条件很重要，但我认为这些条件只是背景而已。在历史的发展中，人们需要做出很多选择，其中的某个决定就能改变最终的结果。即使面对相同的时期和经济社会条件，平庸的领导人可能会使他们的部落或国家陷入更大的混乱，而有远见的变革者则可以扭转局势，将人们从困境中解救出来，并改变历史。接下来，文章举了罗斯福总统的例子，指出在20世纪30年代的大萧条时期，正是富兰克林·罗斯福的新 政迅速稳定了经济，为受苦的人提供了工作和救济，而他的前任则未能取得同样的成果。因此，文章最后总结道，虽然社会条件提供了舞台，但最终决定历史走向的是个人的主观能动性。

这道题的话题不难，但写作时涉及的话题词汇和例子需要提前有所积累。这篇文章提供了一些可以用于论述个人作用的词汇和例子，供同学们参考。

用词用语整理

【让步状语从句】

Although it is reasonable for Claire to claim that social conditions are important, I believe they serve merely as a backdrop.

这句话的前半句容易写成：Although Claire’s claim that social conditions are important is reasonable，也就是把Claire的观点处理成一个同位语从句，嵌入到让步状语从句中，但这样一来，让步状语从句中的表语reasonable就显得太短了，有些头重脚轻。因此，可以改为如前所示的it作形式主语的句子，让句子结构更合理。

【分词短语】

pivotal adj. 关键性的，核心的

例句：

A pivotal figure / role / idea 

关键性的人物/角色/想法

backdrop n. （事件的）背景

例句：

Their love affair began against a backdrop of war.

他们的爱情故事开始于战争年代。

mediocre adj. 普通的，平庸的，不够好的

例句：

The film’s plot is predictable and the acting is mediocre.

这部影片的情节都能猜得到，演员的演技也不够好。

Parents don’t want their children going to mediocre schools.

家长不想让自己的孩子去上普普通通的学校。

plunge v.（使某人或某物）骤然移动，骤然下降

例句：

We ran down to the beach and plunged into the sea.

我们跑向海滩，纵身跳入海中。

8,000 homes were plunged into darkness as electricity cables crashed down.

由于电缆倒塌，8000个家庭陷入黑暗之中。

far-sighted adj. 有远见的，深谋远虑的

例句：

It is rare to f ind such a farsighted and courageous politician.

很难找到像这样具有远见卓识和勇气的政客。

game-changer n. 在很大程度上改变一场比赛结果的人或事

例句：

As a player he can be a game changer.

作为队员他可以是一名改变比赛结果的人。

morass n. 泥淖，困境

例句：

I tried to drag myself out of the morass of despair.

我曾试图将自己从绝望的泥潭中拖出来。

the economic morass 经济困境

agency n. 力量，能动作用

例句：

An invisible agency 一种看不见的力量

turn the tide 扭转潮流/趋势

predecessor n. 前任，前辈

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