1986年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

　　Section I Close Test

　　For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices labeled [A], [B], [C] and[D. Choose the best one and put your choice in the brackets below the passage. Read the whole passage before making your choices. (10 points)

　　①On Wednesday afternoons Annie took the bus into town to shop in the market. ②For an hour or 1 she would walk up and down between the stalls looking at everything, buying here and there, and 2 a sharp lookout for the bargains that were sometimes to be had. ③And then, with all the things she needed 3 she would leave the market for the streets of the town to spend another hour 4 she liked best: looking in furniture shop windows.

　　④One Wednesday she found a new shop full of the most delightful things, with a notice inviting anyone to walk in and look 5 without feeling they had to buy something. ⑤Annie hesitated for a moment before stepping through the doorway where, almost at once, she stopped 6 before a green armchair. ⑥There was a card on the chair which said: “This fine chair is yours 7 less than a pound a week,” and very small at the bottom, “Cash price eighty-nine pounds fifty.” ⑦A pound a week... 8 , she could almost pay that out of her housekeeping money and never miss it! ⑧A voice at her shoulder made her 9 . “Can I help you, Madam?” ⑨She looked round at the assistant who had come softly to her 10 .

　　⑩“Oh, well, no,” she said. “I was just looking.” 11“We’ve chairs of all kinds in the showroom. If you’ll just come up, you will find something to suit you.”

　　12Annie, worried at the thought of being persuaded to buy something she didn’t need, left the shop hurriedly. [276 words]

　　1. [A] so [B] more [C] else [D] another

　　2. [A] taking [B] making [C] fixing [D] keeping

　　3. [A] buy [B] bought [C] buying [D] to have bought

　　4. [A] in a way [B] by the way [C] in the way [D] on the way

　　5. [A] behind [B] round [C] back [D] on

　　6. [A] doubted [B] wondered [C] puzzled [D] delighted

　　7. [A] at [B] for [C] with [D] in

　　8. [A] Why [B] When [C] How [D] What

　　9. [A] jump [B] leap [C] laugh [D] wonder

　　10.[A] place [B] back [C] side [D] front

　　Section II Reading Comprehension

　　Each of the two passages below is followed by five questions. For each question there are four answers. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the brackets on the left. (10 points)

　　Text 1

　　①There are a great many careers in which the increasing emphasis is on specialization. ②You find these careers in engineering, in production, in statistical work, and in teaching. ③But there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in great area at a glance, people who perhaps do not know too much about any one field. ④There is, in other words, a demand for people who are capable of seeing the forest rather than the trees, of making general judgments. ⑤We can call these people “generalists.” ⑥And these “generalists” are particularly needed for positions in administration, where it is their job to see that other people do the work, where they have to plan for other people, to organize other people’s work, to begin it and judge it.

　　①The specialist understands one field; his concern is with technique and tools. ②He is a “trained” man; and his educational background is properly technical or professional. ③The generalist — and especially the administrator — deals with people; his concern is with leadership, with planning, and with direction giving. ④He is an “educated” man; and the humanities are his strongest foundation. ⑤Very rarely is a specialist capable of being an administrator. ⑥And very rarely is a good generalist also a good specialist in particular field. ⑦Any organization needs both kinds of people, though different organizations need them in different proportions. ⑧It is your task to find out, during your training period, into which of the two kinds of jobs you fit, and to plan your career accordingly.

　　①Your first job may turn out to be the right job for you -- but this is pure accident. ②Certainly you should not change jobs constantly or people will become suspicious of your ability to hold any job. ③At the same time you must not look upon the first job as the final job; it is primarily a training job, an opportunity to understand yourself and your fitness for being an employee.

　　11. There is an increasing demand for ________.

　　[A] all round people in their own fields

　　[B] people whose job is to organize other people’s work

　　[C] generalists whose educational background is either technical or professional

　　[D] specialists whose chief concern is to provide administrative guidance to others

　　12. The specialist is ________.

　　[A] a man whose job is to train other people

　　[B] a man who has been trained in more than one fields

　　[C] a man who can see the forest rather than the trees

　　[D] a man whose concern is mainly with technical or professional matters

　　13. The administrator is ________.

　　[A] a “trained” man who is more a specialist than a generalist

　　[B] a man who sees the trees as well as the forest

　　[C] a man who is very strong in the humanities

　　[D] a man who is an “educated” specialist

　　14. During your training period, it is important________.

　　[A] to try to be a generalist

　　[B] to choose a profitable job

　　[C] to find an organization which fits you

　　[D] to decide whether you are fit to be a specialist or a generalist

　　15. A man’s first job ________.

　　[A] is never the right job for him

　　[B] should not be regarded as his final job

　　[C] should not be changed or people will become suspicious of his ability to hold any job

　　[D] is primarily an opportunity to fit himself for his final job

　　Text 2

　　①At the bottom of the world lies a mighty continent still wrapped in the Ice Age and, until recent times, unknown to man. ②It is a great land mass with mountain ranges whose extent and elevation are still uncertain. ③Much of the continent is a complete blank on our maps. ④Man has explored, on foot, less than one per cent of its area. ⑤Antarctica differs fundamentally from the Arctic regions. ⑥The Arctic is an ocean, covered with drifting packed ice and hemmed in by the land masses of Europe, Asia, and North America. ⑦The Antarctic is a continent almost as large as Europe and Australia combined, centered roughly on the South Pole and surrounded by the most unobstructed water areas of the world -- the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans.

　　①The continental ice sheet is more than two miles high in its centre, thus, the air over the Antarctic is far more refrigerated than it is over the Arctic regions. ②This cold air current from the land is so forceful that it makes the nearby seas the stormiest in the world and renders unlivable those regions whose counterparts at the opposite end of the globe are inhabited. ③Thus, more than a million persons live within 2,000 miles of the North Pole in an area that includes most of Alaska, Siberia, and Scandinavia -- a region rich in forest and mining industries. ④Apart from a handful of weather stations, within the same distance of the South Pole there is not a single tree, industry, or settlement.

　　16. The best title for this selection would be ________.

　　[A] Iceland

　　[B] Land of Opportunity

　　[C] The Unknown Continent

　　[D] Utopia at Last

　　17. At the time this article was written, our knowledge of Antarctica was ________.

　　[A] very limited

　　[B] vast

　　[C] fairly rich[

　　[D] nonexistent

　　18. Antarctica is bordered by the ________.

　　[A] Pacific Ocean

　　[B] Indian Ocean

　　[C] Atlantic Ocean

　　[D] All three

　　19. The Antarctic is made uninhabitable primarily by ________.1

　　[A] cold air

　　[B] calm seas

　　[C] ice

　　[D] lack of knowledge about the continent

　　20. According to this article ________.

　　[A] 2,000 people live on the Antarctic Continent

　　[B] a million people live within 2,000 miles of the South Pole

　　[C] weather conditions within a 2,000 mile radius of the South Pole make settlements impractical

　　[D] only a handful of natives inhabit Antarctica

　　Section III English-Chinese Translation

　　Translate the following passage into Chinese. Only the underlined sentences are to be translated. (20 points)

　　It would be interesting to discover how many young people go to university without any clear idea of what they are going to do afterwards. (21) If one considers the enormous variety of courses offered, it is not hard to see how difficult it is for a student to select the course most suited to his interests and abilities. (22) If a student goes to university to acquire a broader perspective of life, to enlarge his ideas and to learn to think for himself, he will undoubtedly benefit. (23) Schools often have too restricting an atmosphere, with its time tables and disciplines, to allow him much time for independent assessment of the work he is asked to do. (24) Most students would, I believe, profit by a year of such exploration of different academic studies, especially those “all rounders” with no particular interest. They should have longer time to decide in what subject they want to take their degrees, so that in later life, they do not look back and say, “I should like to have been an archaeologist. If I hadn’t taken a degree in Modern Languages, I shouldn’t have ended up as an interpreter, but it’s too late now. I couldn’t go back and begin all over again.”

　　(25) There is, of course, another side to the question of how to make the best use of one’s time at university. (26) This is the case of the student who excels in a particular branch of learning. (27) He is immediately accepted by the University of his choice, and spends his three or four years becoming a specialist, emerging with a first-class Honour Degree and very little knowledge of what the rest of the world is all about. (28) It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice. Only in this way can we be sure that we are not to have, on the one hand, a band of specialists ignorant of anything outside of their own subject, and on the other hand, an ever increasing number of graduates qualified in subjects for which there is little or no demand in the working world.

　　1986年考研英语真题答案